100 Commonly Used Terms in English Grammar

100 Commonly Used Terms in English Grammar This assortment gives a brisk audit of the essential wording utilized in the investigation of conventional English language. For an increasingly nitty gritty assessment of the word structures and sentence structures presented here, click on any of the terms to visit a glossary page, where youll discover various models and extended conversations. Dynamic Noun A thing, (for example, fortitude or opportunity) that names a thought, occasion, quality, or idea. Appear differently in relation to a solid thing. Dynamic Voice The action word structure or voice in which the subject of the sentence performs or causes the activity communicated by the action word. Appear differently in relation to latent voice. Descriptive word The grammatical feature (or word class) that alters a thing or a pronoun. Modifier structures: positive, relative, standout. Modifier: descriptive. Intensifier The grammatical feature (or word class) that is principally used to change an action word, descriptor, or another verb modifier. Intensifiers can likewise change prepositional expressions, subordinate provisos, and complete sentences. Join A prefix, postfix, or infix: a word component (or morpheme) that can be joined to a base or root to frame another word. Thing: attachment. Descriptor: affixable. Understanding The correspondence of an action word with its subject face to face and number, and of a pronoun with its precursor face to face, number, and sexual orientation. Appositive A thing, thing expression, or arrangement of things used to recognize or rename another thing, thing expression, or pronoun. Article A sort of determiner that goes before a thing: an, an, or the. Attributive A descriptive word that generally precedes the thing it adjusts without a connecting action word. Appear differently in relation to a predicative modifier. Helper An action word that decides the state of mind or tense of another action word in an action word express. Otherwise called a helping action word. Stand out from a lexical action word. Base The type of a word to which prefixes and postfixes are added to make new words. Capital Letter The type of an in order letter, (for example, A, B, C) used to start a sentence or formal person, place or thing; a capitalized letter, as opposed to bring down case. Action word: underwrite. Case A quality of things and certain pronouns that express their relationship to different words in a sentence. Pronouns have three case differentiations: abstract, possessive, and goal. In English, things have just one case articulation, the possessive. The instance of things other than the possessive is in some cases called the regular case. Provision A gathering of words that contains a subject and a predicate. A provision might be either a sentence (a free statement) or a sentence-like development inside a sentence (a needy proviso). Basic Noun A thing that can be gone before by the unmistakable article and that speaks to one or the entirety of the individuals from a class. When in doubt, a typical thing doesn't start with a capital letter except if it shows up toward the beginning of a sentence. Basic things can be subcategorized as tally things and mass things. Semantically, normal things can be named conceptual things and solid things. Stand out from a formal person, place or thing. Relative The type of a modifier or verb modifier including an examination of pretty much, more noteworthy or lesser. Supplement A word or word bunch that finishes the predicate in a sentence. The two sorts of praises are subject supplements (which follow the action word be and other connecting action words) and item complementsâ (which follow an immediate article). On the off chance that it recognizes the subject, the supplement is a thing or pronoun; on the off chance that it portrays the subject, the supplement is a descriptive word. Complex Sentence A sentence that contains at any rate one autonomous provision and one ward proviso. Compound-Complex Sentence A sentence that contains at least two autonomous provisions and at any rate one ward proviso. Compound Sentence A sentence that contains at any rate two autonomous provisions. Restrictive Clause A kind of verb-modifying provision that expresses a theory or condition, genuine or envisioned. A restrictive condition might be presented by the subjecting combination if or another combination, for example, except if or on account of. Combination The grammatical form (or word class) that serves to interface words, expressions, statements, or sentences. The two fundamental kinds of combination are organizing conjunctions and subjecting conjunctions. Compression An abbreviated type of a word or gathering of words, (for example, doesnt and wont), with the missing letters generally set apart by a punctuation. Coordination The syntactic association of at least two plans to give them equivalent accentuation and significance. Stand out from subjection. Check Noun A thing that alludes to an item or thought that can shape a plural or happen in a thing expression with an inconclusive article or with numerals. Diverge from a mass thing (or noncount thing). Revelatory Sentence A sentence as an announcement (as opposed to an order, an inquiry, or an outcry). Positive Article In English, the positive article the is a determiner that alludes to specific things. Contrast with inconclusive article. Definite A determiner that focuses to a specific thing or to the thing it replaces. The demonstratives are this, that, these, and those. A definite pronoun recognizes its predecessor from comparative things. At the point when the word goes before a thing, it is some of the time called an expressive descriptor. Subordinate Clause A gathering of words that has both a subject and an action word however (in contrast to a free proviso) can't remain solitary as a sentence. Otherwise called a subordinate provision. Determiner A word or a gathering of words that presents a thing. Determiners incorporate articles, demonstratives, and possessive pronouns. Direct Object A thing or pronoun in a sentence that gets the activity of a transitive action word. Contrast with a circuitous article. Ellipsis The exclusion of at least one words, which must be provided by the audience or peruser. Descriptive word: circular or elliptic. Plural, ovals. Exclamatory Sentence A sentence that communicates solid sentiments by making an outcry. (Contrast and sentences that say something, express an order, or pose an inquiry.) Future Tense An action word structure showing the activity that has not yet started. The basic future is normally framed by including theâ auxiliaryâ willâ orâ shallâ to theâ base type of an action word. Sexual orientation A syntactic characterization which in English applies fundamentally to the third-individual singularâ personal pronouns:â he, she, him, her, his, hers. Ing word Aâ verbalâ that closes inâ -ingâ and works as a thing. Punctuation The arrangement of rules and models managing theâ syntaxâ and word structures of a language. Head The catchphrase that decides the idea of aâ phrase. For instance, in aâ noun express, the head is a thing or pronoun. Saying A set articulation of at least two words that implies some different option from the exacting implications of its individual words. Basic Mood The type of the action word that makes direct orders and demands. Basic Sentence A sentence that offers guidance or guidelines or that communicates a solicitation or order. (Contrast and sentences that cause aâ statement, to ask aâ question, or express anâ exclamation.) Uncertain Article Theâ determinerâ anâ orâ an, which denotes an unspecifiedâ count noun. A is utilized before a word that begins with aâ consonantâ sound (a bat, a unicorn). An is utilized before a word that begins with aâ vowelâ sound (an uncle, 60 minutes). Autonomous Clause A gathering of words comprised of aâ subjectâ and aâ predicate. A free provision (dissimilar to aâ dependent statement) can remain solitary as aâ sentence. Otherwise called theâ main proviso. Characteristic Mood Theâ moodâ of the action word utilized in conventional explanations: expressing a reality, communicating a sentiment, posing an inquiry. Roundabout Object A thing or pronoun that demonstrates to whom or for whom the activity of an action word in a sentence is performed. Roundabout Question A sentence that reports aâ questionâ and closes with aâ periodâ rather than aâ question mark. Infinitive Aâ verbalusually went before by theâ particleâ tothat can work as a thing, a descriptive word, or an intensifier. Emphasis A procedure of word arrangement where things are added to theâ baseâ form of a word to communicate linguistic implications. - ing Form A contemporary semantic term for theâ present participleâ andâ gerund: any action word structure that closes inâ -ing. Intensifier A word that accentuates another word or expression. Strengthening descriptive words alter things; escalating intensifiers normally change verbs,â gradableâ adjectives, and different qualifiers. Interposition The grammatical feature that normally communicates feeling and is equipped for remaining solitary. Inquisitive Sentence A sentence that poses an inquiry. (Contrast and sentences that cause aâ statement, to convey aâ command, or express anâ exclamation.) Intruding on Phrase A word gathering (an announcement, question, or shout) that interferes with the progression of a sentence and is normally set off by commas, runs, or enclosures. Intransitive Verb An action word that doesn't take aâ direct object. Stand out from a transitive action word. Unpredictable Verb An action word that doesn't adhere to the typical principles for action word structures. Action words in English are sporadic in the event that they don't have a conventionalâ -edâ form. Connecting Verb An action word, for example, a structure ofâ beâ orâ seem, that joins the subject of a sentence to aâ complement. Otherwise called aâ copula. Mass Noun A thing (such asâ advice, bread, information)

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 78

Task - Essay Example Under the Article 112, the military faculty the utilization, ownership, assembling and conveyance of illicit and controlled medications or substances is denied. Pot has been named one of the medications, which no servicemen should utilize or be under lock and key inside the garisson huts (Shanor and Hogue, 2013). On account of PTV Smokey, unmistakably he had negated the arrangements of article 122. He was discovered utilizing pot, however he was likewise possessing it. Hence, he is subject for arraignment in the military courts. His case is allowable, as in the demonstration itself has grounds in the military laws. Notwithstanding, the way where the proof was accumulated may prompt end of the case, as clarified underneath: Like the regular citizens, the military are ensured by the Fourth Amendment sacred arrangements (Shanor and Hogue, 2013). Under this, ‘unreasonable hunts or seizures’ are not permitted. Any proof assembled through this unlawful methods is unacceptable in the court military. Fundamentally breaking down the instance of STV Smokey, unmistakably the Platoon Sergeant didn't have a court order that would have encouraged his inquiry and seizure of maryjane. The entire procedure was defective, including the manner in which he constrained himself in the premises of the suspect. Under the MRE 314 and 315, it is clarified that the Bill of Rights likewise applies completely to all the military officials (Laurence, 2010). This implies they appreciate the rights to security simply like the regular citizens. STV Smokey was correct when he educated Platoon Sergeant that he had abused his privileges to protection by compelling himself in the house. This was regardless of whether there wa s have to check the ownership of the medications. Preceding acquiring a court order, the exploring official must demonstrate that there is for sure a reasonable justification. This alludes to the grounds whereupon the inquiry must be led. The case gave, there was sufficient ground for

Earth Day Internet Killing The Planet [INFOGRAPHIC]

Earth Day Internet Killing The Planet [INFOGRAPHIC] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Earth Day: Internet Killing The Planet? [INFOGRAPHIC]Updated On 20/04/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Featured InfographicShort URL : http://hbb.me/Y7Dsc3 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogEarth Day is a day that is intended to inspire awareness and appreciation for the Earths natural environment. Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in first held on April 22, 1970.I got some interesting information from this Infographic (from WordStream). Mentioned some of them below.The entire world will be online around 2017*.In 2005 The United States had a total of 10.3 Million Data Centers. That year these data centers consumed enough energy to power the entire UK for 2 months.One Google search for soylent green produces the same amount of CO2 as driving a car 3 inches.A single SPAM message produces the equivalent of 0.3 grams o f CO2.Do tell us how bad (or good) the Internet is for the planet.READFoursquare Grew 3400% In 2010 [INFOGRAPHIC]

Nemo Dat - 1336 Words

The nemo dat rule literally meaning no one [can] give what one does not have is a legal rule in property law that states where goods are sold by a person who is not the owner thereof and who does not sell them under the authority or with the approval of the owner, the purchaser requires no better title to the goods than the seller had. This law states that if a bona fide purchaser who unknowingly purchases and subsequently sells stolen goods will, at common law, be held liable in trover for the full market value of those goods as of the date of conversion. Since the proper owner retains legal title, this is true even in a chain of successive bona fide purchasers (ie, the true owner can successfully sue the fifth bona fide purchaser in†¦show more content†¦As a youngster he studied languages. He also studied people: their habits, mannerisms, and especially their weaknesses, and decided to do something in that field instead. By the age of twenty he was a confirmed conman. By the age of thirty he was a confirmed wanted man on the run from police in several European countries. He started over again in the United States and called himself Count because it sounded important. One dupe he conned was Al Capone; the most dangerous criminal in America at that time. The Count knew that the crime lord couldnt be taken in like the others; he would get revenge. Lustig devised something different for the underworld boss. The count asked Capone to invest $50,000 in a swindle that he claimed he was working on. Lustig promised to double his money in sixty days. The homicidal Capone gave the cash - and a warning of what would happen to Lustig if there was a double-cross. Lustig let the money sit in the bank for sixty days. At the end of that time he went back to Capone with a look of disappointment. He told his investor that the deal feel through. Just before Capone was about to explode, Lustig handed back the $50,000. The crime boss was so impressed with Lustigs honesty (?!) that he rewarded the conman with a thousand dollars. Which is what Lustig expected Capone to do. In 1925 Lustig was back in Paris with his new friend Dapper Dan, relaxing at an outside cafe. They were in need of money just as they read in the newspaper thatShow MoreRelatedThe Common Law Principle Of Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet3075 Words   |  13 PagesThe common law principle of nemo dat quod non habet has long held that a person cannot convey a superior title to the one already held, and in essence, a person holding a licence cannot convey the superior title of a lease. However, the House of Lords’ decision in Bruton represents a departure from such orthodox principles of property law, holding that someone with no interest in land can grant a lease provided that the exclusive possession is given in the agreement. Bruton has ‘controversially confirmedRead MoreLaw Make Decisions Within Legal Context2632 Words   |  11 Pagesis the holder or ‘bearer’ of the cheque, who presents the cheque at the bank or financial institution. The Act defines ‘bearer ’ as the person in possession of the cheque. According to the Nemo dat rule, it states that a person cannot pass on a title which that person does not possess. In other words, the Nemo dat rule says that when a property is transferred, the transferee cannot acquire a better title to it than the transferor had. In this situation, Melanie Moose, who stole the cheque from MickeyRead MoreThe Case Of Shogun Finance Ltd V. Hudson1205 Words   |  5 Pagesname written on the agreement demonstrated the finance company only had the intention to deal with Mr Patel and not the fraudster. The fraudster s lack of good title invoked the nemo dat quod non habet rule. In reliance of the inter absentes principles in Cundy and the refusal to depart from the soundly based nemo dat quod non habet rule (statutorily adopted) , the bare majority allowed most innocent party to bear the cost of the fraud. Mistaken Identity, or Attribute? The majority in Shogun establishedRead MoreThe Sale Of Goods Act1976 Words   |  8 PagesThe first issue is wether or not Aline has rights to sell the car to Christine after having sold it to Benjamin. â€Å"The basic rule is expressed in the Latin maxim nemo dat quod non habet†. This means that a seller cannot pass to a buyer a better title to goods than he possesses, â€Å"unless the owner of the goods is by his conduct precluded from denying the seller s authority to sell†. In Greenwood,   the court held that the car belonged to Bennett as Searle did not have title and could therefore notRead MoreSection 41 Sale Of Immovable Property By An Ostensible Owner1419 Words   |  6 Pagesowner General rules There are some very general rules of ‘transfer’ of property. i.) Nemo plus juris ad alium transferee potest quam ipsa habet (no man can transfer a right or title greater than what he himself has).Where a thief sold a property then the same purchaser doesn’t hold the right over the land because from whom they have purchased the land doesn’t himself holds title to the property. ii.) Non dat qui non habet (no one can give who does not possess). But one of the exceptions to theseRead MoreDescription Of A Lease From A License1325 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision in Bruton has established a contractual tenancy which is not proprietary as the landlord had only a licence, and it cannot bind third parties. Therefore, the decision in Bruton might go against the fundamental principle in English Land Law: nemo dat quod habet, as it might be impossible to convey something which the landlord does not own. Furthermore, there are some limitations of the Lord Hoffmann’s judgement, as it is not clear that whether a ‘contractual tenancy’ could be protected and coveredRead MoreNegotiations in India1271 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom person to person by mere delivery or by endorsement and delivery; and the person to whom it is so transferred becomes entitled to the money and also to the rights to further transfer it. Negotiable instruments are exception to the principle of nemo dat quod non habe; a negotiable instrument is one, the property in which is acquired by anyone who takes it bona fide and for value not withstanding any defect of the title in the person from whom he took it. Case: Raephal v Bank of England (1885) 104Read MoreTransfer of Property5877 Words   |  24 Pagesbill of lading. 5) NEMO DAT PRINCIPE AND EXCEPTIONS 1.0 GENERAL RULES: It is a fundamental rule that no one can give what he has not got. So section 27 of the Sale Of Goods Act sets out the general rule as follows: Where goods are sold by a person who is not the owner thereof and who does not sell them under the authority or with the consent of the owner, the buyer acquires no better title to the goods than the seller had. This rule in the maxim ‘nemo dat quod non habet’, means that noRead MoreNemo Outdoor User Training - Perfecting Wireless Networks10208 Words   |  41 PagesNemo Outdoor User Training Perfecting Wireless Networks Nemo Outdoor User Training Course Contents †¢ Nemo Outdoor introduction †¢ Installation of Nemo Outdoor †¢ Nemo Outdoor configuration †¢ Introduction to Graphical User Interface †¢ Features of Nemo Outdoor Nemo Outdoor Introduction Nemo Outdoorâ„ ¢ 5 currently supporting measurements on WiMAX, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, LTE, TD-SCDMA, UMA, CDMA2000, 1xEV-DO, TETRA, cdmaOne, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, DVB-H and WCDMA networks. Nemo Outdoor’s powerful platform isRead MoreThe Law Of Mistake : Shogun Finance Ltd V Hudson1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fact the suggestion was previous to Shogun implies its limited impact upon the judges, as it has been debated that third parties are not always the more deserving. However, it can be argued it is unjust towards third parties when applying the nemo dat rule, and that a vendor, willing to trade on the promise of a stranger’s cheque should have the burden of risk instead, like in Phillips and Lewis. It can be debated that they have the better opportunity to check and manage creditworthiness before

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The Theory of Evolution - 754 Words

Running Head: EVOLUTION The Theory of Evolution By Student’s Name Name of University Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been a topic of controversy since it was promulgated in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, its tenets remain strong, with many modern day scientists making discoveries that support Darwin’s theories of evolution, natural selection, and survival of the fittest. In The Origin of Species, Darwin calls the process of natural selection or survival of the fittest, the preservation of favorable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those, which are injurious (Darwin, 1901). Darwin’s theory of evolutionary change and process of natural selection surmises that variations exist in every†¦show more content†¦The theory of evolution will always be debated, but new scientific discoveries that support the theory cannot be disputed. Therefore, Darwin’s theory has stood the test of time, which is a great accomplishment in this ever-changing world of new discoveries and scientific innovations. References Abdul, P. (2005). Origin of genetic information and evolution of biological species. Islam Science, 3, 7-13. Beecher-Monas, E., Garcia-Rill, E. (2006). Genetic predictions of future dangerousness: Is there a blueprint for violence. Law and Contemporary Problems, 69, 301-310. Darwin, C. (1901). The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: Or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. New York: P.F. Collier and Son. Griffiths, P. E. (1997). What emotions really are: The problem of psychological categories. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences. (1999). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Waters, R.H., Rethlingshafer, D.A., Caldwell, W.E. (1960). Principles of Comparative Psychology. New York:Show MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution And Evolution1685 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Since Charles Darwin suggested the theory of evolution by natural selection in this best-known work, On the Origin of Species, controversy has followed. As a (computer) scientist, this student has no personal problem with the theory of evolution. However, since the debate of whether or not evolution actually exists is still alive and well today, a brief exploration of the arguments against is not only interesting, but also increasingly necessary. Why is there such disparity over this topic overRead MoreEvolution And Theory Of Evolution2859 Words   |  12 Pages come up with a variety of theories to answer the age old question, â€Å"Where do we come from?† The theory of evolution is just one of the many theories written over the centuries that attempts to answer this question; however, it holds the distinction of being the only theory accepted as scientifically true in today’s world. This paper will discuss the theory of evolution in detail; topics addressed include defining the theory of evolution and explaining how the theory has evolved over time, as wellRead MoreThe Theories Of The And Evolution756 Words   |  4 Pagesexplained the concept of growth and evolution, Freud theorized explanations for our suppressed cognition, Archimedes ran out of a bathtub yelling Eureka once he established the concept of density, and many other renowned scientists provided substantial theories to explain common associations within everyday life. These brilliant researchers gave reason to the term â€Å"why†. They provoked curiosity, established ideologies, and generated scientific laws that define logic. Evolution, adaptation, and developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of The Theory Of Evolution1802 Words   |  8 Pagesproduced mankind. However, the philosophical theory of evolution has no solid evidence, whereas creation can be proven. Science is supposed to be based on observation, right? The best theories satisfy the test of experimentation. No one c an test if evolution happened. Non one can prove that evolution actually happened. But what evidence can we place against evolution? In 1859, Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of evolution. One hundred and fifty-six years laterRead MoreEvolution Versus Creation And The Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution versus creation is one of the most controversial topics that have ever been exposed to the world. Scientist and creationist both argue that their perspective is more right than the other. In reality both sides don’t know the exact truth behind the creation of the world. Evolution is the process in which something changes into something different and typically resulting in it becoming more complex and better formed. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist, suggested a theoryRead MoreTheory of Evolution Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesso there was no need for evolution; hence, there was no sign of evolution from the beginning. Since sin came into the world, man has been deceived into thinking there is evolution. We are not talking abou t the theory of evolution that says man started from an amoeba or as an ape and eventually began to walk upright; not that evolution, but evolution in the sense of development. There are developments in the earth and therefore it can be considered as a form of evolution, but truly would it be classifiedRead MoreEvolution Of A Evolutionary Theory1500 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution is descent with modification, a phrase Darwin used in proposing the at Earth’s many species are descendants of ancestral species that were different The power of evolution as a unifying theory is its ability to explain and connect a vast array of observations about the living world. 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It was used to justify and clarify many notions of nationalism and imperialism. Science played a huge role in the coming about of this new discovery but in reality, the society shaped the science of what it was about. Charles Darwin was the root of new era and was profound to come up with the theory of evolution. His theory had become one the fundamental unifying principles of modern biology andRead MoreThe s Theory Of Evolution930 Words   |  4 Pages2005, somewhat re-invents the theory of evolution into what they call the Guinness theory. The Guinness theory is that man’s ascent from the slime has been leading him inevitably towards the enjoyment of a pint of their estimable product, as stated on www.newsletter.framestore.com. It is in my interpretation that the creators of the ad were using the logos appeal, in the sense that they were using the theory of evolution to present to the consumers that once the evolution reaches present time that humans

Persuation Paper Essay Example For Students

Persuation Paper Essay When watching college athletes participating in their sports, does it ever cross ones mind that the athletes getting paid? The NCAA establishes rules and regulations for universities to follow and one of the most important rules is that student athletes should not receive any money with the exception of scholarships towards their tuition and housing (Winn). In 1999, the Chronicle of Higher Education surveyed atheletes statistics on graduation rates for scholarship college athletes in the NCAAs top Division I. Fifty-one percent of football players and 41 percent of male basketball players graduated in six years (Meggyesy). NCAA Chief Operating Officer Dan Boggan stated; before the eligibility standards, some student-athletes including minority student-athletes, were brought onto campuses solely for their athletics ability, with little chance for them to graduate (quoted in Reith). This makes me really disappointed that some schools take sports to be more serious than academics. The schools are willing to dish out a couple of hundred dollars to get the best athletes so that they can get a championship victory at their schools. That is just not right. Another thing that makes me very angry is that the media and fans want basketball and football players to leave school early because they have the talent to go straight to the pros. But when they do choose to do so, the media has something to say about them not finishing school. I guess sports is not about education anymore; its just all about the entertainment. Nobody made a big deal out of Tiger Woods, leaving Stanford early to begin his career in golf. Another athlete, Kobe Bryant, who plays for the L. A. Lakers, went straight out of high school to the NBA. The typical high school/college athlete is distracted by all the glitter of things and money that schools are offering to the athlete rather than being consured about the education the schools can offer. Lets say an athlete named Edward Thomas is rated number one in the nation in high school basketball. He has every big time college (university) wanting him badly, even a couple of NBA scouts are checking him out. Thomas even has a couple of highlights on Sports Center already. Now he has it in his head he can go straight to the league in the pros and get paid and finish school later. Thomas thinks that he can go to college for two years to develop better skills, and then he would stack up his paper by playing the pros, making $100,000 a year without a college degree. Not too long ago Michigan University was caught for paying their athletes. This incident happened ten years ago, and finally the University got caught . Ed Martin was the head mens basketball coach at U of M. Martin was caught paying his players to play for him and win a championship. After they won many championships, he was fired because the school found out what he was doing. But the NCAA found out about it, and they are taking some serious action about it. Now he has to watch his program get embarrassed, take down the championship banners, return $450,000 to the NCAA, and most of all erase the universities victories like they never even existed. Chris Webber was one of the players who was involved. Now he plays in the NBA for the Sacramento Kings. Webber quoted, they use me, I use them, which means that the school wanted him so badly for his talents so they could get a championship that they were willing to do whatever it took to get him to sign right after high school. Webber just took advantage of the situation and was getting paid cash on the side to spend on whatever he wanted (Albom). There is a solution to all of this; the people in charge need to look into the paying of student athletes. As I was doing my research, I read an article about colleges starting a Pre-Pro Sports Program. .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .postImageUrl , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:hover , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:visited , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:active { border:0!important; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:active , .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c70f46d04faa89eaa0105be28b3201d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homophobia EssayIt would be kind of like a financial counseling and mentoring program. This would prepare college athletes for the real world. Its like pre-med or pre-law; it would set the ground work for the future (Donutron). This program would be training athletes about managing money, dealing with the media, speaking public, and educating on health, sex and drugs. This would also prepare them for coaching, broadcasting, athletic training, and etcId mandate this training, freshman and sophomore year in place of liberal arts basket weaving electives (Donutrun). In other words, yeah the rules are laid out to the athletes and they sign documents that say they wont accept any money, but, of course, a student athlete who is offered money to live college life in luxury will accept it. I dont think this should be allowed at all. Getting ones tuition, books, room and broad, medical attention, and top of the line equipment paid for is more than enough. Think of the regular students who have scholarships for their academics. I am sure they would love to receive some of the luxuries athletes receive. I still feel strongly that college athletes should not get paid while in school.

Recommendation Report Example Essay Essay Example

?Recommendation Report Example Essay Paper Summary: Smash Design decide to buy new chairs and some ergonomic points to work out the job of employees feel uncomfortable and acquire ill in their work environment. This study measure the Herman Miller Chairs and Steel Case Leap Chairs, Simple Package and Deluxe Package offer by Staple supplies, and Rocco and Rita’s Gym rank. Aeron Chairs with higher monetary value than Leap Chair, but have more maps to soothe a human organic structure than Leap Chair besides with a longer guarantee. Deluxe Package offer by Staples screens more ergonomic points than Simple bundle, the monetary value is higher. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the trade of one-year fee $ 50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Concluding recommendations come up with purchase Aeron Chairs, Simple Package offer by Staples, and subscribe up Rocco and Rita’s Gym rank. We will write a custom essay sample on ?Recommendation Report Example Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ?Recommendation Report Example Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ?Recommendation Report Example Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Introduction: Smash Design late received a batch of ailments about sore dorsums from our employees. After I did some research, I found out absenteeism is up by 10 % this twelvemonth. This job is caused to chairs are acquiring old, besides were non good designed that usage organic structure scientific discipline to diminish the force per unit area and prevent backaches. After the treatment with Ellen page, we decided to purchase some new chairs, ergonomic keyboards and mouse tablet to work out the job of employees feel uncomfortable and acquire ill in their working environment. We besides decided to subscribe up gym ranks located at following edifice for our employees. Exercises will assist employee to develop fittingness. Ellen Page has asked me to measure the better chair Herman Miller and Steel Case chairs. Compare the simple bundles and gilded bundle little ergonomic points. This study is non including absenteeism study, and besides non includes yoga option. Standards: For the chief intent of better the working environment for the employees, and do them experience more comfy, we applied the undermentioned standards: 1. Comfort: For work outing the job of employee feel uncomfortable and acquire ill in their working environment. Merchandises must be good design with particular attending to biotechnologies, cut downing the force per unit area and forestalling hurts. 2. Guarantee: Smash Design invests on some expensive chairs, for the intent of return, merchandises must can last at least 5 old ages, and besides with 5-year or more guarantee. 3. Monetary value: Maximal $ 1000 per employee includes office chairs, ergonomic office supplies, and gym rank. Analysis:ChairsHerman Miller Aeron Chairs: Aeron Chair is created by Herman Miller with particular attending to ergonomics it can suit all the human organic structure and supply them soothe support, and accommodation is easy to utilize. Aeron Chair’s PostureFit map can back up pelvis thin frontward of course so the spinal column can be align, and prevent backache. Kinemat tilt engineering can allow human body’s articulations pivot of course. Breathable fabric stuff can maintain organic structure force per unit area even and diminish the organic structure force per unit area. Aeron chairs provide lifetime guarantee to the clients. It sells at $ 900 per chair. Staff will assist put up chairs and arrange workstations to cut down hurts, if purchase more than 5 chairs. Steal Case Leap Chairs: Leap Chair is created by Steel Case with characteristics of mutable back form can back up full spinal column when the user alteration his position, and besides can diminish the spinal column emphasis and spinal ligaments. The back control system can allow the user adjust the back angels until it match user’s comfort. Leap Chairs supply three-year guarantee to the client. It sells at $ 700 per chair. Herman Miller Aeron ChairSteal Case Leap ChairsComfortVery ComfortComfortGuaranteeLifeThree old agesMonetary value$ 900$ 700 Staples Ergonomic Office SuppliesSimple Package:Simple bundle provides ergonomic points such as gel pad for mice and keyboards, emphasis balls, massage devices, at the semen up with the monetary value of $ 100 per individual. Deluxe Package:Deluxe bundle provides same points as simple bundle besides with extra points such as footrest, cervix supports, proctor support and specially plan electronic devices. Rocco and Rita’s Gym MembershipsIf more than 50 people sign up, we can acquire the trade of one-year fee $ 50 per employee. Decision: Aeron Chairs were designed usage biotechnologies to diminish force per unit area. The back support engineering can forestall backaches. Adjustable sacral support can suit different people. Aeron Chairs are lifetime guarantee. If purchase more than 5 chairs, staff will assist to put up the chair to do it suit for different employees. The monetary value is $ 900. Leap Chairs are designed for human comfort, with adjustable back form and arm, but has non much map as Aeron Chairs, merely 3 old ages warranty. The monetary value is $ 700, lower than Aeron Chairs. Staple Ergonomic Supplies offer Deluxe Package and Simple Package. Simple Package offers Gel tablets for mice and keyboards, Stress balls, Massage devices, and the monetary value is $ 100 per individual. Deluxe Package besides include other ergonomic supplies and electronic devices, but the monetary value $ 250 per individual. Rocco and Rita’s Gym offer the trade of one-year fee $ 50 per employee if we sign up more than 50 people. Recommendation: I recommend we purchase Aeron Chairs for our employee, Aeron chair meet the most standards, and have add-on offers. Staple Deluxe bundle covers more ergonomic points than Simple bundle, but it’s over pricing. And Aeron Chairs’ maps already cover some serviceability of ergonomic points. So I recommend we buy the Simple Package from Staples supplies. Sign up the gym rank will transcend $ 50 of the budget per employee, but I still strongly recommend we sign up the gym rank to better employees’ fittingness.

Heart Of Dark Essays - Joseph Conrad, Congo Free State, Free Essays

Heart Of Dark Essays - Joseph Conrad, Congo Free State, Free Essays Heart Of Dark In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind. Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice. His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack. The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo. Conrad uses Marlow, the main character in the book, as a narrator so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. Conrad's voyages to the Atlantic and Pacific, and the coasts of Seas of the East brought contrasts of novelty and exotic discovery. By the time Conrad took his harrowing journey into the Congo in 1890, reality had become unconditional. The African venture figured as his descent into hell. He returned ravaged by the illness and mental disruption which undermined his health for the rem aining years of his life. Marlow's journey into the Congo, like Conrad's journey, was also meaningful. Marlow experienced the violent threat of nature, the insensibility of reality, and the moral darkness. We have noticed that important motives in Heart of Darkness connect the white men with the Africans. Conrad knew that the white men who come to Africa professing to bring progress and light to darkest Africa have themselves been deprived of the sanctions of their European social orders; they also have been alienated from the old tribal ways. Thrown upon their own inner spiritual

Unionized organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unionized organization - Essay Example The benefits of the union because of having a union are that the organization does not have to face unnecessary threats from the employees in cases of termination of services. This is because of the presence of a written agreement between the organization and the union declaring and clearly stating the terms of service. As a result, in cases of violation of the terms of service by the employee, the postal organization has every right to terminate the individual without fear of rebuttal by the union. In addition, the postal corporation stands to gain by setting the standards of work that the employees have to follow failure to which the employee can be terminated without threats and repercussions for the organization. The union also sets a clear guideline for the postal corporation on what is expected of it under any situation relating to its employees starting from the medical benefits to the leave that employees are entitled. With this is in mind the post corporation has improved pl anning strategies in that nothing catches it off guard. This is as see in cases of covering retirement benefits and disciplinary issues. The post office also gains substantially by having disciplinary issues handled by the workers’ union in that their agreement stipulates disciplinary measures. In such cases, the organization is free from liability as it only follows the terms of the agreement by applying corrective measures and not punitive; punitive measures are left for severe cases (APWU 107). The union bargains in a number of ways to ensure that the needs of the members are met at all times, which include dialogue and other drastic means. One such means is through strikes, which is a right of every worker should the organization fail to meet the terms that are agreed on in the union contract (APWU).However, this means is a drastic one and only applies in cases where contract negotiations do end in an agreement.

Environmental and Corporation Social Responsibility Assignment

Environmental and Corporation Social Responsibility - Assignment Example The efficiency of production range between 50 and 60 percent; this translates to only to the preferred replacement technology of energy production. From the same graph, it should be noted that the higher the emission of biofuel byproducts into the atmosphere, the higher the ionization rate (Werther and Chandler, 2011). Additionally, the same biofuel products usually react with the free hydrogen gas and radicals in the atmosphere leading to acidic atmosphere. From the graphs, it is also apparent that the higher the energy generation form the biofuel the higher the chances of formation of the acidic atmosphere. The effects of the use of biofuel are stronger when the emission is directed to the air other than water (Mullerat and Brennan, 2011). In fact, it should be noted that the direct use of these gases is intense in air emission than water since the water emissions usually result in accidents. Nonetheless, both cases are never environmental friendly. Finally, it should be noted that eutrophication is also affected by increased emission and use of biofuel into the environment. Charts c and d indicate that the high the electrici ty generation the high the emission; thus, the higher the global warming thereby affecting the normal ecosystem functionalities (Kao, 2010). Hence, it is worth noting that electricity generation among the use of other energy sources contributes to the efficiency of the environment in different ways. All the charts above indicate the higher or the massive use of biofuels in the United States, the higher the effects on Eutrophication, Acidification, and Global Mass Warming; hence, the corporates should minimize such energy use to minimize the effects on the same. All these graphs and their subsequent analyses relate to the energy regulation and generation of barley.

Effects of Reintroduction of Capital Punishment in the UK

Effects of Reintroduction of Capital Punishment in the UK The legal and political effects of re-introducing capital punishment into the British Criminal Justice System. Acknowledgement I would like to thank Ms Rebecca Greenhalgh of the charity group Amicus, who provided endless assistance with source materials and statistics reflecting the psychological effects of being on ‘death row’. Amicus is a charity based organisation that assists the lawyers of families of death row prisoners and also provides help with coping with the stress that goes hand in hand with the anticipation of execution. Help is also provided in order to assist with prison visits and other initiatives for the benefit of raising awareness of the unconstitutional status of Capital Punishment in the USA. Appetiser â€Å"I remember the pounding fists of the wooden railings that kept the mob out of the sand covered courtyard. I can still smell the burning embers of Ellion’s pages as they rose above the various bonfires that lined the outskirts of the crowd. These were the ashes of testimonies given by Ellion during the trial but I mourned no loss, for as long as Ellion was alive, his words, teachings and truths would never be lost. I took the final steps of my life knowing above all else that my path was great. I chose to dwell on only one sight and it was not the mob and their deafening cries as they yelled the word HERETIC alongside the din of the executioner’s drums. Nor do I remember the sight of the wielded axe and the faceless man who held it high above my head, ready to strike away at the last of my breath. I remember, but one thing, I remember as I looked up at the distant Minoton in flight, I witnessed it soar up into the skies that at last, to me, boar the eeriness that I could comprehend. I now knew that it was the eeriness that comes with the discovery that these were not the skies that had known of our forefathers. The last words I ever spoke resounded in the ears of the peoples of Giddo Kaata for all time. â€Å"For Peace and Knowledge.† With that the drums halted and the crowd was silent. I closed my eyes as I knelt and felt a slight breeze, then pain and, as I opened my eyes again, I found myself in a vast world of perpetual darkness, and I feared nothing. Live long Ellion, the man for whom I die. Live long, and recite your chronicle.† Extract from ‘The Heretic’ by Nicola Louise Tysoe (unpublished, copyright Nicola L Tysoe) Contents Page (Jump to) Introduction Part 1: The legal effects of the re-introduction of capital punishment into the  British Criminal Justice System 1.1 History 1.2 Effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the ECHR 1.3 Comparison with USA, the need to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 1.4 The Legal Consequences for Britain as an EU Member State and a brief mention of the recent Turkey situation 1.5 The legal effects of International Law Treaties Part 2: The Political Effects of the Re-introduction of Capital Punishment into the British Criminal Justice System 2.1 Internal Politics 2.2 The European Policy with Turkey as an example 2.3 The Alterations of the International Political Alliances with the UK 2.4 Resultant Weakness of the UK’s participation in international politics 2.5 A USA/UK Alliance Introduction The death penalty was abolished in 1965 as a result of the Sidney Silverman (MP) private member’s bill. The debate on the concept of re-introduction did however take place although with increasing failure and with the current governance of the Human Rights Act 1998, the question is now posed, what would be the legal and political effects of the British re-introduction of the death penalty? In order to answer this question it is important to give a brief overview of the history of death penalty reform in order to become aware of the core issues that motivated changes in the law that profoundly stretched over a period of time that included the Napoleonic wars, the industrial revolution, the rise of an educated, middle class, two world wars and their aftermath of social enlightenment. The importance of this exercise will be to also reveal the type of social and political climate that would form the necessary pre-requisite for inspiration to finally abolish the death penalty. Further to this, the effect of the ECHR and the Human Rights Act 1998 will be assessed and comparison with the wording of the US Constitution will provide the subject of analysis for contrasts between pro and con death penalty policies as well as illustrate how capital punishment is allowed in a country that has a Bill of Rights. In light of the UK’s commitments to the ECHR, the legal consequen ces of re-introduction of the death penalty will be revealed in part one, with a complimentary description in Part 2 of the political steps that the UK would have to take in order to realise this hypothetical goal. Part One will end by giving a description of the contrasting commitments under international law treaties. As already explained, part two will discuss the political consequences for the British re-introduction of the death penalty. This means that, as well as stating the steps required for realisation of a death penalty policy, there will be a detailed analysis of UK internal politics, as well as the Country’s relationship with the political, international community and current weaknesses. The purpose of this exercise will be twofold. In the first place, it will be necessary to fully understand the position of the UK in global politics and, in the second place, this understanding will, give way to a more accurate representation of the political, international impact of re-introduction of Capital Punishment to the UK. Part One: The Legal Effects of the Re-introduction of Capital Punishment 1.1 History 1.1.2 The early days – reducing the scope of the offence The first death penalty reforms were introduced by Samuel Romilly in 1808, who sought to remove this form of punishment from over two-hundred various crimes. These crimes were referred to as England’s â€Å"Bloody Code† and included such offences as remaining in the company of gypsies for a minimum of one month[1], the vagrancy of soldiers and sailors[2] and ‘strong evidence of malice’ in children ranging between the ages of seven and fourteen years. Following this early era of reform the early 1830s saw the removal of the penalty for petty crimes such as shop lifting, sacrilege and the theft of mail. The emphasis at this time was a clear campaign to remove the disproportionate trends of the criminal justice system. The result of these reforms did however reveal a higher instance of convictions but it is widely held that poverty and starvation were an additional contributing factor to the occurrence of these lesser crimes[3]. The reforms continued through to 1843 with the removal of gibbeting, which entailed the public display of the executed dead in cages and, finally, by 1861 the death penalty remained for only four separate and serious offences, which were murder, arson in royal dockyards, piracy with violence and, treason[4], of which the latter two crimes continued to carry the death sentence until the enactment of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. 1.1.3 Limiting the mode of execution As well as limiting the number of crimes that fell within the scope for the death penalty, the methods of execution were also reduced. In 1868, public hanging was outlawed[5] and the punishment of being hung, drawn and quartered was condemned to the history books in 1870[6]. By the start of the 20th century the compulsory form of death for murder was hanging. 1.1.4 A picture of the early 20th century dilema There did however exist the discretion of the jury to aid the ‘recommendation to mercy’ but this was fully reversible by the Home Secretary[7]. Further to this, appeals in the Court of Appeal were to be heard only once and only for the points of law that had amounted to the prima facie case for conviction. House of Lords appeals were strictly allowable at the exclusive discretion of the Attorney General who was to decide whether the particular case involved significant points of law that merited further examination[8]. The result of any successful appeal was the reduction of sentencing to that of life imprisonment but the Home Secretary did later obtain the power to obtain the opinion of a medical panel to determine the mental capacity of the condemned offender[9]. 1.1.5 After the world wars The issue of controversy over the death penalty did not once again grab full media and political attention until after the end of the second world war, when capital punishment became a focus of the British media[10]. The delay in reform was of course a direct result of the suspension of legislative reform that took place during the war, and was the ultimate reason for the shelving of the original 1938 Commons vote to abolish the death sentence over an experimental period of five years[11]. Following the war there were in fact a number of lobbies both for and against the death penalty as well as overall concerns over the innocence of many of those condemned to die. To date, since 1945, there have been three posthumous pardons for Mr Timothy Evans in 1966[12] and Mahmood Mattan and Derek Bently in 1998[13]. 1.1.6 The emergence of new but flawed limitations to Capital Punishment In 1948 the then Labour Government created the Royal Commission on the death penalty but it was not until the election of the Conservative Government when a true legislative compromise was introduced in the form of the Homicide Act 1957. This act was in fact a direct result of the gross miscarriages of justice that had taken place in the years since the war and acted to reduce the scope of the sentence to a mere six kinds of murder. The first was murder executed in the furtherance of theft, followed by murder as a result of shooting or causing an explosion. The third scenario was murder carried out within the course of resisting arrest or while attempting to escape. The fourth and fifth was the murder of a police officer or prison officer while in prison and finally, the sixth murder charge that carried the death penalty was when there were at least two murders on separate occasions. It is clear that the ethos behind this restriction was to reserve the most profound of sentence to the most acute and extreme manifestations of the crime of murder, thereby theoretically condemning to death those few criminals who were deemed to deserve to die[14]. There were however three problems associated with this so-called compromise. In the first place, while this rationale was a step up from the carte blanche capital punishment of all murderers it is clear from analysis of the selected forms of death bearing murders that there was no justifiable reason for such a profound distinction between murder by stabbing and murder by gunshot wound. Secondly, the ultimate flaw here was that the distinctions were wholly based on the actus reus of the crime and not on the mens rea with the result that, in order to avoid the death penalty, perpetrators would become aware of the law and choose their method wisely. Thirdly the provisions of the Homicide Act 1957 did absolutely nothing to curb the suspicions of miscarriages of justice that remained for such cases as that of James Hanratty, who was executed in April of 1962 for shooting Michael Gregsten[15]. Finally, the last executions in Britain, which were of Peter Anthony Allen and Gwynne Owen Evans took place in August 1964 who together murdered John West while robbing his home earlier in the same year. 1.1.7 The abolishment of Capital Punishment in the UK In 1965 Sidney Silverman produced his private members bill that proposed a five year trial for the abolishment of the death penalty, which was indoctrinated in the Murder (Abolition of the Death Penalty) Act 1965. A further vote in 1969 in the House of Commons sealed the fate of the death penalty in Britain as it slipped into the history books and was abolished for good. This status followed in 1973 in Northern Ireland and neither portion of the British Isles have looked back since. 1.1.8 Since Abolishment While there have been more that ten attempts to reintroduce the death penalty in the UK, the last pre-Human Rights Act, Commons vote for hanging as a result of shooting a police officer on duty resulted in a 197 majority in favour of continued abolition. In addition to clear political favour against hanging, there are a number of high profile cases that, since the abolishment of the death penalty, would have resulted in death by hanging but were later revealed to have been gross miscarriages of justice of which the Birmingham Six is one of the most notable examples. Until the enactment of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, the death penalty remained in force for treason and piracy with violence although at no point in the time since the abolishment for murder were these sentences ever carried out. Finally, sovereignty over the matter of the death penalty was officially removed in 1999 when Jack Straw signed the Sixth Protocol of the European Convention of Human Rights and in 2002, the Thirteenth Protocol was also signed. The full effects of this are set out below in part 1.2. 1.2 Effects of the Human Rights Act 1998 and the ECHR 1.2.1 Relevant Provisions of the ECHR, Identifying the relationship between the original convention and further human rights provisions. 1.2.1.1 The general applicable provisions The preamble of the ECHR (European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) states that signatories: reaffirming their profound belief in those fundamental freedoms which are the foundation of justice and peace in the world and are best maintained on the one hand by an effective political democracy and on the other hand by a common understanding and observance of the human rights upon which they depend; being resolved, as the governments of European countries which are like-minded and have a common heritage of political traditions, ideals, freedom and the rule of law, to take the first steps for the collective enforcement of certain of the rights stated in the Universal Declaration†¦ The concept of a foundation for justice and peace, as is stated above and was written in 1950, did not at first encompass abolishment of the death penalty but this changed with the enactment of the sixth protocol, which directly concerns the abolishment of the death penalty as an extrapolation of the more general provision under Article 2 of the Convention and stipulates the basic right to life. Article 2(1) states: â€Å"1. Everyones right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law.† It is this breadth of wording that facilitates both wide interpretation and, in relation to the right to life in particular, a wide scope for discretion to exclude or include issues based solely on the political climate of the day. Indeed, at the time of the assignation to the ECHR in 1951, the campaign for the abolishment of the death penalty did not gather huge momentum in light of this provision. 1.2.1.2 The Addition of formal, specific ratifications on the abolishment of the death penalty. Jack Straw MP signed the 6th protocol of 1983 on January 29, 1999, in which Article 1 states that: â€Å"The death penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed.† While the provision is extremely clear cut on this basis, there was an exception provided for under Article 2 of Protocol 6, which provided that: â€Å"A State may make provision in its law for the death penalty in respect of acts committed in time of war or of imminent threat of war; such penalty shall be applied only in the instances laid down in the law and in accordance with its provisions. The State shall communicate to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe the relevant provisions of that law.† The exception to the death penalty abolishment to times of war was repealed following ratification of Protocol 13 in 2002, which came into force on 1 July, 2003.[16] This therefore made it also contrary to the European Convention to legislate for lawful capital punishment during times of war. 1.2.1.3 The overall impact of ratification of specific death penalty provisions Prior to enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998, ratification of the ECHR alone meant that recourse could only be had to it when raised at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. In relation to Articles 8 on the right to privacy and Article 14 on the prohibition of discrimination, there is a myriad of case law on this point, some of which was successful such as P v S Cornwall County Council[17] on the coverage of gender reassignment as falling within the scope of Article. However some cases did fall prey to the overtly wide provisions of the ECHR and failed. An example is that of Grant v Southwest Trains Ltd[18] in which it was held that the definition of ‘sex’ under the provision of Article 14 did not encompass sexual orientation. With regard to the 6th and 13th Protocols, there exists no such danger of judicial discretion in the exercise of provision interpretation for the simple reason that the wording of these annexes are sufficiently precise to ensure that all signatories to these protocols will harbour citizens who may consciously rely on the provisions under EU jurisdiction. It will however be shown in part two that, despite this misgiving, there is a further political tool for the inclusion of abolition of the death penalty at European level, which is that indoctrination facilitates the use of this policy as a condition of EU Membership. It is in precisely this area that Turkey is having severe setbacks on their journey to EU Membership, and this is set out below under Part 1.4. 1.3 Comparison with the USA the need to repeal the human rights Act 1.3.1 Brief Background of the legal circumstances that permit the death penalty in the USA. 1.3.1.1 Judicial interpretation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments – Furman v Georgia[19] The death penalty in the USA is constantly debated on account of there being heated disagreement over whether or not Capital punishment is caught by the Eighth Amendment, which states that: â€Å"Excessive Bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted[20]†. The Fourteenth Amendment (Section 1) is also relevant for the consideration of applicable Constitution provisions that regulate the rights that are affected by the imposition of the death penalty. This states that: â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities o citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.[21]† In 1972, the case of Furman v Georgia[22] it was held that the imposition of the death penalty did amount to ‘cruel and unusual punishment’ that contradicted the Eighth Amendment and was also a moral affront to the perceptions of justice by the American people. Justice Brennan remarked that: â€Å"Today death is a uniquely and unusually severe punishment. When examined by the principles applicable under the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, death stands condemned as fatally offensive to human dignity. The punishment of death is therefore cruel and unusual, and the States may no longer inflict it as a punishment for crimes.[23]† In relation to the Fourteenth Amendment, it was successfully argued that the obvious disparity in the provision of adequate legal advice was a clear cause of depravity of due process. The crux of the argument on this matter surrounded the fact that the rich would be able to afford the best legal advice, the poor would be provided with the best legal advice and the middle classes would receive little aid and with their more modest financial resources, were able to afford counsel, although not the best. 1.3.1.2 Reinterpretation – Gregg v Georgia[24] The decision of Furman v Georgia was however overturned in Gregg v Georgia[25] in which Justice Brennan maintained his stance and dissented. The judgement was however split eight to three, and of those who lent a hand to re-impose the death penalty it was stated that the Georgian law on the matter did not impose a cruel or unusual form of punishment as the death penalty in general constituted a form of retribution that would not be against the morals of the American people and that arguments against its effects as a significant deterrent were deemed to be inconclusive and therefore, unreliable. With regard to retribution, Justice Stewart quoted from his own concurring opinion in Furman v Georgia, in which he stated that: â€Å"The instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man, and channelling that instinct in the administration of criminal justice serves an important purpose in promoting the stability of a society governed by law. When people begin to believe that organized society is unwilling or unable to impose upon criminal offenders the punishment they deserve, then there are sown the seeds of anarchy of self-help, vigilante justice, and lynch law[26]† As retaliation to the above notion of anarchy, Justice Stewart quoted from the dissenting answer by Justice Powell, who said that in relation to anarchy: â€Å"Retribution is no longer the dominant objective of the criminal law,[27]† but neither is it a forbidden objective, nor one inconsistent with our respect for the dignity of men[28]† With regard to the accusation of breach of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Georgian statute was deemed to have been precise enough to prevent the capricious and arbitrary application of the death penalty on account of there being specific guidelines for the jury on the matter of deciding the case. On the basis of this argument is was therefore held that there was adequate ‘due process’ that would prevent the death sentence from falling foul of the Fourteenth Amendment. On this matter, Justice Stewart stated that the Georgian Statute: â€Å"†¦focus(es) the jurys attention on the particularized nature of the crime and the particularized characteristics of the individual defendant. While the jury is permitted to consider any aggravating or mitigating circumstances, it must find and identify at least one statutory aggravating factor before it may impose a penalty of death. In this way, the jurys discretion is channelled. No longer can a jury wantonly and freakishly impose the death sentence; it is always circumscribed by the legislative guidelines†¦[29]† 1.3.2 Commentary of the Re-interpretation in Gregg v Georgia[30] GreenhalghÙ ­ states that there are two problems with this interpretation of Amendments in Gregg v Georgia.[31] Firstly, the opinions of the concurring judges weakly distinguished the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment in the Eighth Amendment with the death penalty on the basis of the mode of execution. Recently, Georgia has abolished use of the electric chair and now only the lethal injection is the acceptable mode of execution that may be carried out in this State[32]. However, the method of execution continues to be the wrong focus for the ascertainment of Criminal Justice and the Supreme Court fully failed to argue that the deprivation of life or punishment, where the result is actual death, was both cruel and unusual. The method of execution is therefore irrelevant and need not have been dissected as a point of distinction in law[33]. Secondly, Greenhalgh continues by stating that there was equally wrongful focus on the determination that due process under the Fourteenth Amendment was fulfilled on the basis of ten aggravating circumstances that were to correctly guide the jury. There was equally inadequate examination of the argument over ability to afford the better counsel for the defence[34], as well as complete disregard for the issue of race disparity on death row[35]. The correct path to have taken was that due process is never fulfilled where counsel for the defendant is faced with the task of saving a man’s life every time he acts within his duty in a capital offence trial. Further to this, due process is equally flawed where the prosecution is set the task of persuading the jury to condemn the defendant to death. The argument here therefore, is that, in non warlike scenarios, and where self defence does not enter the equation, no one should be required to engage in the facilitation of involuntary k illing as part of their career. There is also a second argument, namely that due process extends beyond the trial and continues throughout the sentence so that appeals may be lodged where new evidence comes to light. Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont stated in 2001 that he was greatly concerned over the fact that, since 1976, 85 prisoners on death row were exonerated on the basis of new evidence and that a number of these had occurred only days before execution[36]. He asserts that the issue is not one of a mere state or two, but is nationwide, thereby making academic analysis of the US system an ideal national focus as opposed to mere State-to-State comparison. The Senator states: â€Å"The appalling number of exonerations, and the fact that they span so many States—a substantial majority of the States that have the death penalty—makes it clearer than ever that the crisis I spoke of last year is real, and that it is national in its scope. This is not an â€Å"Illinois problem† or a â€Å"Texas problem.[37]† Clearly, for those that are exonerated after death, there is utter futility and pointlessness with the exception of empty and shell like, posthumous dignity. In order to combat this, the Innocence Protection Act was passed in 2001 with the aim of: â€Å"†¦reducing the risk that innocent persons may be executed. Most urgently, the bill would afford greater access to DNA testing by convicted offenders, and help States improve the quality of legal representation in capital cases.[38]† This is once again an attempt to gloss over the deprivation of due process that is taken at the point of death and is clearly a savage desire to retain the death penalty to the expensive extent to installing legislation for the purpose of ensuring as fair a trial as possible. 1.3.3 Comparison with the ECHR – The requirement to abolish the Human Rights Act 1998 Like the wording of Article 2 of the ECHR, the scope of meaning for the vocabulary of both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments is utterly imprecise. This therefore allows for the common but unannounced practice of reverse judgement whereby a decision is reached prior to the submission of counsel for both the prosecution and the defence and ratio are devised in order to justify he finding in law. However, unlike the ECHR, there is no express prohibition of the death penalty, as located under protocols 6 and 13 to the Convention, which means that the whole question of abolishment lies in the exclusive hands of the Supreme Court of the United States. Therefore, as a matter of jurisdiction, the Supreme Court is set the task of independently interpreting the Constitution, whereas the EU has made it perfectly clear that this issue is far too profound to be considered judicially. 1.3.4 Is the UK’s only recourse to repeal the Human Rights Act? The result for the UK is therefore clear and repeal of the Human Rights Act 1998 would be wholly necessary in order to re-introduce the death penalty. This is explained in more detail under part 1.4 in relation to the full spectrum of legal requirements and consequences of re-introducing the death penalty in the UK. 1.4 The legal Consequences for Britain as an EU Member State and the Current Turkey Situation 1.4.1 The Legal Consequences for Britain The standpoint of the EU on the concept of the death penalty is outwardly precise and any attempt of the UK to introduce this form of sentencing would cause a direct breach of protocol 13, thereby going against the policy under the s 3 (1) of the Act, which states that all legislation is to be read as being in accordance with the provisions of the ECHR. The enactment of incompatible legislation would fall foul of investigation by

Chivalry :: essays research papers

When Chivalry first began, many citizens felt this was mostly for the courtship of women. However, this also included such things as proper etiquette at the dinner table, generosity toward females, and the aspect of religion to the church. Becoming a knight was not an easy task at all. The whole process was more of an apprenticeship program like in today’s society. First, at about the age of seven, you were to go to the house of a noble and be their squire. Throughout this period, the young man would gain wisdom as well as skills he would need to develop in battle to become a successful knight. The boy would continue being a squire until he had mastered the use of weaponry and horsemanship and was then recognized by a knight. Then the young man would be "dubbed" a knight. Later in the Thirteenth Century, the process of becoming a knight became more ceremonialized, as we know of in our society from movies and such. The same process used in Medieval times was adopted and "modernized" for today’s workplace. For instance, the new employee is hired, then he learns his/her job. Once he/she is recognized for good work he/she is promoted to a higher level job. Another expectation the knights had to perform was to protect and uphold justice. This meant protecting the poor and innocent people of the land while proclaiming the ideals of Christianity at the same time. This concept originated in France and Spain, and spread throughout Europe very rapidly. The chief chivalric virtues were piety, honor, valor, courtesy, chastity, and loyalty. The knight was to be loyal to god, who was the main love of his life. Their idea of love in this case was different then ours. Their love to God was strictly platonic.

A Strange Encounter

It was a conventional evening at the Gladwyne Pharmacy. Preparing for our closure, I was organizing the register receipts from the day to save myself from ancillary labor the following morning. 6:57PM: only three more minutes before I can finally return home after an extensive, demanding afternoon. Contrary to the ordinary occurrence, our regular last-minute customers were not swarming in the door. Initially, I took this as a good sign: today may mark the first time I get off work punctually. But, lo and behold, my expectations did not match the true exposition.A man walks in: at least my height, possibly taller, and significantly stronger. He was completely unfamiliar to me; I assumed he must not be from the area. He flounced his way in my direction as if under heavy influence of drugs or alcohol. A strong scent of whiskey filled the air as he neared. Instantaneously, I knew this man would be a problem. â€Å"Give me these drugs now! † he clamors as he slams his gargantuan fi st on the counter. It unfurls to reveal a crumpled sticky note with a short list of narcotics written upon it in pencil.I briskly replied with the standard protocol response for a situation such as this: â€Å"These drugs require a proper doctor-written prescription for us to give them to you. † I could ascertain that he was not satisfied with my rejoinder. This is where my once-regular day at work began to look more on the abysmal side. With an even more irate expression on his face than before, the man reached with his other hand towards his waist. At this point he was obviously insinuating towards his possession of a weapon. Unreasonably, he demanded to speak to one of our administrators.I informed him that none of them were present, but if he so wished I could contact them via telephone and have him speak directly to them. This was outrageous to the man, and for some reason engendered even further aggravation from him. Our only pharmacist on duty that night had been eaves dropping from the beginning, and thought it necessary to call our owner. She came out and politely handed the man the phone with our owner on the line. A second later, the phone was in pieces on the ground. The man approached me again, this time with a newfound ambition in his eyes.Noticing that both of our register drawers were ajar, he enjoined that I give him all of their contents. â€Å"I’ll take all of the money or all of these drugs, or you will have a problem! † I rapidly fabricated this retort: â€Å"You, sir, are the one with a problem: the local police are en route as we speak. † Without hesitation, the man bolted out of the pharmacy, and was arrested later that night for DUI. I was commended and received a pay-raise for my bravery. That improbable night I learned never to succumb to another person’s demands, even if your life depends on it.

Absorbance - Chemistry Glossary Definition

Absorbance is a measure of the quantity of light absorbed by a sample. It is also known as optical density, extinction, or decadic absorbance. The property is measured using spectroscopy, particularly for quantitative analysis. Typical units of absorbance are called absorbance units, which have the abbreviation AU and are dimensionless. Absorbance is calculated based on either the amount of light reflected or scattered by a sample or by the amount transmitted through a sample. If all light passes through a sample, none was absorbed, so the absorbance would be zero and the transmission would be 100%. On the other hand, if no light passes through a sample, the absorbance is infinite and the percent transmission is zero. The Beer-Lambert law is used to calculate absorbance: A ebc Where A is absorbance (no units, A log10  P0  / P)e  is the molar absorptivity with units of L mol-1  cm-1b  is the path length of the sample, usually the length of a cuvette in centimetersc  is the concentration of a solute in solution, expressed in mol/L Sources IUPAC (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book).Zitzewitz, Paul W. (1999). Glencoe Physics. New York, N.Y.: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. p. 395. ISBN 0-02-825473-2.