The Anatomy Of Criticism By Northrop Frye - 991 Words

Structuralism’s overriding focus is an aspiration to be an objective, almost scientific, analysis of literary texts. In The Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye explains that myths and binary pairs in opposition are a significant class of structural elements of literature that give meaning, both in a fixed and relational manner. In particular, he voices, â€Å"Shakespeare s type of romantic comedy follows a tradition established by Peele and developed by Greene and Lyly†¦ We may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land† (Frye). This structuralist approach is crucial to analyzing Shakespeare s comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream. One finds that the play revolves around many different pairs of oppositions, in particular that of the court and the forest. Analyzing the play with this structuralist point of view underscores the archetypal qualities of the court (the real w orld) and the forest and provides a deep contrast between both mythic locations. A Midsummer Night’s Dream begins in the real world: a world governed by the laws of the time in Athens. Theseus, as the ruler of Athens, embodies law and authority in the mortal realm and enforces the law and order that rule the Athethian court. Theseus enforces these rules at the beginning of A Midsummer Night’s Dream with an iron first. Firstly, under the law, Theseus declares he will marry Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons, as a spoil ofShow MoreRelated Anatomy of Criticism Essay example1249 Words   |  5 PagesAnatomy of Criticism  Ã‚   Introduction In his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye offers a complex theory that aspires to describe a unifying system for literary criticism. It can be argued, however, that in attempting to delineate such an all-inclusive structure, Fryes system eliminates identity in literature. The present essay takes up this argument and offers examples of how identity is precluded by Fryes system as outlined in Anatomy of Criticism. Structure Vs. Identity In Fryes systemRead MoreArchetypal Literary Criticism Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages In Literary Criticism, there is an idea that believes that Archetypes make up literature’s meaning. The concept of Archetypes in literature has been the subject of extensive examination in Literary Criticism. â€Å"Criticism can be broken down into two broad categories: evaluative and interpretive† (Gardner 1287). The criticism is based on Literary Theory, which is composed of ideas that help interpret, and analyze literature. Everything in literature has a meaning, and many different people cameRead MoreVictor Frankenstein: a Tragic Hero Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesCritic Northrop Frye once commented that Tragic heroes are so much the highest points in their human landscapes (Frye 1). Few characters illustrate this characteristic of a tragic hero better than that of Victors Frankenstein, the protagonist of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. His story is one of a brilliant man whose revolutionary ideas brought suffering to himself, his family and friends, and his creation. Victor is an instrument as well as a victim to this suffering throughout his story. FromRead More Definition Essay - Genre1750 Words   |  7 Pagesgenre in terms of both convention and historical observation, and defines genre in terms of both convention and purpose. In Anatomy of Criticism (1957) Northrop Frye wrote, We discover that the critical theory of genre is stuck precisely where Aristotle left it. The very word genre sticks out in an English sentence as the unpronounceable and alien thing it is (Frye, 13). It is a French word imported directly into the English language, derived from the Latin genus (the stem is gener-), itselfRead More The Romance of Travel Essay examples1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Romance of Travel Romance, as it confirms human agency with regards to understanding the world and organizing ones existence, is an enabling genre. Northrop Frye identifies romance in its questing, adventurous, persistently nostalgic, and perennially child-like quality as the nearest of all literary forms to the wish-fulfillment dream (186). Arguably, many of the texts that we have examined over the course of the term can be understood as (more or less) participating in the affirmativeRead MoreThe Educated Imagination3194 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Guide for The Educated Imagination Northrop Frye (1912-1991) read his  Massey Lectures  over the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC radio) in 1962. First published by Indiana University Press in 1964, the six lectures present key concepts from Frye’s  Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays  (Princeton University Press, 1957). Chapter One. â€Å"The Motive for Metaphor.† Frye begins by exploring the relation of language and literature. â€Å"What is the relation of English as the mother tongue to EnglishRead MoreIntentional Melodrama Forms in Brechts The Jewish Wife Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesdramatic revolutionary and cynic of all things contrived found promise in the melodramatic presentation. Brecht examined and manipulated the various superficial and spectacular aspects of theatre, establishing a synthesis of entertainment and social criticism as his fundamental goal. Bertolt Brecht employs various facets of melodramatic technique in The Jewish Wife, ultimately reconfiguring the genre and conveying his central theme; a society rendered immobile at the will of a totalitarian regime. Read More Archetypes in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad1393 Words   |  6 PagesBelle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad,† Keats uses various archetypes which provide added meaning and depth to this work of literature. The archetype may be defined as â€Å"the original model from which something is developed or made; in literary criticism, those images, figures, character types, settings, and story patterns that†¦are universally shared by people across cultures† (Murfin and Ray 29). Analytical psychologist Carl Jung believes that archetypes are â€Å"embedded deep in humanity’s collectiveRead MoreArchetypal Criticism in The Road by Cormac McCarthy Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesArchetypal criticism follows a basic rule of categorizing or relating any work of literature into a set framework. It works from a subjective basis, it is used to determine and grasp the ideas of universal truths messages through literary work. The universal truths and messages are determined by identifying patterns like character types, storylines, settings, symbols. The Road by Cormac McCarthy is a novel that accurately exemplifies the principles of archetypal criticism. This narrative accountR ead MoreThe Glorious Faculty: a Critical Analysis of Addison’s Theory of Imagination in ‘the Pleasures of Imagination’2701 Words   |  11 PagesAddison’s contributions in opening up a new vista of criticism can be recognized. The intention of this term paper is to re-instate the critical relevance of Addison’s theory of Imagination not just in the light of other critiques of Imagination, in terms of its individualistic fervor also. As a man of the Eighteenth century, the Age of Prose and Reason, Addison dared to go against the wind and delved into a different school of thought and criticism. While the others were busy in criticizing the social

Gene Therapy Essay - 2620 Words

Gene Therapy I. Introduction With the human genome project now completed, identifying our DNA, the next step forward is being taken to analyze this information and apply it in a helpful context. As we discover which genes affect and trigger the different traits humans possess, new questions result pertaining to potential problems in our DNA as well as genetic enhancement opportunities. In theory, once a problem is pinpointed within a person’s DNA, there exists a possibility for correcting this defect. Gene therapy is a technique used for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development. This relatively new idea sparks much controversy when societal implications are examined. Bill Joy, chief scientist and†¦show more content†¦The former concentrates on treating the individual, while the latter aims to eliminate â€Å"bad† genes from the individual as well as their offspring. Somatic gene therapy up to this point has been used to treat rare, deadly, genetic diseases by the insertion of specific genes into human cells other than the cells directly used in reproduction. One problem is the method of insertion. The methods that transfer the new DNA to a defective cell are referred to as vectors. The most commonly used vectors are viruses, more specifically, adenoviruses or retroviruses ( Adams , 2004). Because of the viruses’ natural ability to get by the body’s immune system and introduce DNA into cells without being detected right away, researchers find them to be a particularly useful tool. First the virus must be stripped of its harmful properties and then forced to take up the corrective DNA. The remaining goal is successful delivery to many cells in order for replication as well as insertion into the correct place in the chromosome. Delivery can be categorized as ex vivo or in vivo. Ex vivo, the first delivery method used, removes cells from the body in order to modify and correct the DNA. Through the aid of a vector and after cell modification, the cells are transplanted back into the patient where they will replicate. Blood or liver cells are good candidates for this method (â€Å"Gene Therapy†, 2004). In vivoShow MoreRelatedGene Therapy And Germline Therapy1612 Words   |  7 PagesGood afternoon Mr David and class. Today the topic of gene therapy will be discussed, so to begin, what is gene therapy? Basically, gene therapy is the modification of genes to alter a certain characteristic that ultimately can cure a genetic disease. There are two types of gene therapy: somatic gene therapy and germline gene therapy. Somatic gene therapy is when blood cells are extracted from a person and a normal gene is then inserted into the defective cell. This does not prevent the disease fromRead MoreHuman Gen e Therapy771 Words   |  3 PagesHuman gene therapy is essentially using DNA as a treatment for various genetic diseases. Most commonly, new and functional DNA is put within a vector which is then inserted into the patient. Gene therapy not only treats the problem but treats the genetic issues with a person’s DNA. The genes help to correct or replace the genes that were functioning incorrectly. Gene therapy helps by stopping a protein from functioning incorrectly, giving a protein a different function, giving the protein its normalRead MoreThe Discovery Of Gene Therapy1694 Words   |  7 Pagesnew information about genes and protein synthesis quickly followed (NLM, 2014). This new knowledge about genes made scientists look at the biological processes in new ways (Nobel Prize.org, 2014). One of the biggest breakthroughs was the development Gene Therapy. This paper will demonstrate how Gene Therapy is an important step in revolutionizing medicine and treating disease. It is believed that Gene Therapy holds the key to permanently curing disease. Gene Therapy Researchers haveRead MoreThe Controversies Of Gene Therapy1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Controversies of Gene Therapy Demolishing genetic diseases from the human race has been and always will be a key role in science. However, there comes a point in time when moral standards have interjected the betterment of cleansing genetic diseases. One of the many branches of science that has the complete capability to exterminate our destiny of any genetic diseases, gene therapy, is being silenced due to the curse of society’s moral standards. There is a very narrow line in what is not morallyRead More Gene Therapy Essay4691 Words   |  19 PagesGene Therapy Gene therapy is a powerful new technology that has the ability to change the way medicine is practiced in the future. The potential of gene therapy offers great hope for cure and alleviation of suffering from genetic disorders that now plague numerous people. Within this past decade, much research has been conducted to learn about the aspects of gene therapy, but there is still much to learn before it is an effective medical treatment. Despite failures to prove any clinical efficacyRead MoreA Study On Gene Therapy Essay1852 Words   |  8 PagesGene Therapy I first learned about gene therapy while watching an episode of Grey’s Anatomy. Over multiple episodes, Dr. Bailey is trying to cure a child’s lack of immunity with the use of gene therapy, and more specifically with the use of HIV as a gene transfer vector. To make the virus usable, Dr. Bailey disables the virus and uses it for a traveling mechanism. The parents were afraid that disabling the virus would fail, causing their child to be infected with the HIV virus, so they pulled theirRead MoreThe New Paradigm Gene Therapy965 Words   |  4 Pages Gene therapy, the experimental strategy that requires the use of genes to prevent and cure diseases is a fairly new technique, yet it is one which has shown steady advancements. The journal article â€Å"Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2012—An update† sets out to present analysis and summaries of clinical trials that have been performed worldwide. Authors Samantha L. Ginn, Ian E. Alexander, Michael Ede lstein, Mohammad R. Abedi and Joanne Wixon dive into some of the 1843 gene therapy trialsRead MoreEssay on A Look at Gene Therapy1264 Words   |  6 PagesWould you consider altering your DNA if it could save your life? Scientist have been working on gene therapy since the 1970s, this biotechnological form of medicine is the attempt to medically modify cells to help eliminate or prevent diseases by correcting defective genes. Imagine the possibilities of having your DNA tested for heritable diseases and being able to eliminate such diseases from your future. From 1990-2003 the Department of Energy coordinated a project called the Human Genome ProjectRead MoreThe History Of Sytech And Gene Therapy1130 Words   |  5 PagesAll you need to know about Gene therapy Sytech- Curing the future The history of SyTech and Gene therapy Gene therapy was introduced in 1985 by SyTech and has been the main priority of the company ever since due to its promising future in science. One of the first human gene therapy procedures involved injecting the correct ADA gene to a four year old girl with the ADA deficiency. Due to the success of the procedure, the patient is now living a healthy life. The success marked an important landmarkRead MoreThe Therapeutic Potential of Gene Therapy1334 Words   |  6 PagesA novel therapeutic modality, gene therapy is the transfer of nucleic acids – DNA or RNA – into select somatic (body) cells to correct genetic defects or produce therapeutic proteins. It can be performed ex vivo (â€Å"out of the living†) or in vivo (â€Å"within the living†). In the ex vivo method, the target cells are removed from the patient, genetically modified, and reintroduced into the patients body. This approach is efficient but limited to easily accessible cells such as epithelia l cells (cells covering

Leadership in Business The Process of Appreciating

Question: Describe about the Leadership in Business for The Process of Appreciating. Answer: Introduction Cultural diversity in the workplace can be referred to the process of appreciating the differences in the individuals existing in the workplace. The difference in the organisation takes place in the respect of age, gender, sex, marital status etcetera. The leaders of the organisation play an important role in maintaining the cultural diversity of organisation. It is necessary for the leaders to understand the cultural diversity prevailing within the organisation in order to build accountability in the organisational systems. The project deals with two important questions that highlight leadership skills in accordance with the diversity in the workplace. In order to maximise capacities, leaders focus on developing necessary policies and working towards a prosperity of their firm as a whole. In the modern times, the understanding of the cultural diversity helps the leaders to minimise a lot of different dimension that exist in the workplace (Elias, 2015). The leaders are able to recognise the relevant dimensions and measure those dimension. Sometimes the organisation faces certain situations where the manager faces cosmetic diversity. The cosmetic diversity arises when the organisations take up initiatives to implement internal diversity so that the external diversity of the stakeholders of the organisation can be met. In such cases, the organisation requires some leaders who help the internal environment of the organisation to interact with the external environment of the company. Thus, it can be stated that the leaders of the organisation need to understand the cultural diversity of the organisation. In the opinion of Northouse (2015), the cultural diversity in Australia is one of the effective sources of the national strength of the nation. The identity and the culture of the economy have increased due to the presence of cultural diversity. However, in contradictory Goethals et al., (2014), stated that the society of Australia is not able to utilize the cultural diversity because of the presence of bias and discrimination. In 2014, the Australian Human Rights Commission had designed a Workplace Cultural Diversity Tool. The advantage of the tool is that the organisation is able to measure their performance level in respect to the best practice standards of the cultural diversity of the organisation. The effectiveness of the tool is increased when the staff member such as the managers of the human resource department or the other department uses the tool in the workplace with full information about the cultural diversity of the organisation. The knowledge about the organisational cultural diversity helps to plan the future work effectively and improve the organisational performance. There exists a dilemma whether the organisation needs to have target or quotas to carry out activities on cultural diversity. However, Chhokar, Brodbeck House (2013), added that there is no such essentiality of targets and quotas as there are many organisation that are committed towards cultural diversity yet do not intend to adopt any sort of targets or quotas. On the other hand, it has been argued by many authors such as Kouzes Posner (2014) that the implementation of targets and quotas in the organisation results in penalising innovation. The targets can be considered as voluntary goals that are considered by the managers of the organisation while quotas are compulsory and are imposed on the organisation by the external body. PwC Australia has kept the Diversity and Inclusion (DI) as one of the main strategy since July 2014. The organisation believed that in order to enhance the efficiency of the organisation the diversity of the organisation has to be improved. From the DI survey report of the company it has been inferred that a majority of the respondents that counted about 42 percent of the respondents had diversity in their cultural background. Thus, the managers of the company found it important to pay more attention towards the cultural diversity in order to achieve the maximum benefits from it. Moreover, to support the cultural diversity the company implements certain initiatives that help to ensure efficient diversity such as shortlisting during recruitment, talent programs and filling up of partnership admission form. In order to become a successful leader in an organisation, the leaders need to understand the current diversity of culture present. There may be variation in the conception and expectation of leadership due to the diversity in the cultural backgrounds of the individuals. Expected competence in the cross-culture awareness and practices has to be shown by the leaders of the organisation that will help the leadership to last for a longer period. Nevertheless, in order to develop effective global leadership strategies within the workplace, it is necessary for the leaders to understand the significance of the cultural diversity of the employees working in the company. In the competitive market of the 21st century, the competitive and the sustainable advantage of the companies is based on the skills and the ability of the leaders who can effectively tackle the diversity present in the organisation and thereby implement strategies that are complex for the business. DuBrin (2015) stated that the leaders need to manage the culturally diverse settings of the company very efficiently through the process of capability of cultural intelligence or cultural quotient (CQ). The leaders should be aware of diversity faced in the organisation since CQ is greatly related to the international experiences of the individuals working in the company. None of the organisation is free from the bias or prejudice thus the perception and the experience of the individuals play a very important in the organisational performance. In 2014, the diversity data was published by a number of US tech firms that indicated underrepresentation of the diversity in the respective organisations. Facebook introduces Managing Bias, a course for its employees. The managers of Facebook together worked with the researcher to develop and innovate the Managing Bias that is shared with the public through the websites. Countering bias and discrimination has to do more than just raising the consciousness. The presence of bias in the organisation can be eliminated or reduced through effort. In the globalised multicultural organisations, the leaders have to learn and understand the value of diversity in the culture of the organisation (Daft, 2014). In order to make the leaders value the diversity it is necessary to make diversity a part of the organisation, crea te diversity of thoughts and innovations, know the gender in the workplace and introduce diversity initiatives in the company. The business leaders have a crucial role in delivering a strong message of commitment regarding the diversity and the inclusion in the organisational culture. The commitment of the leaders to ensure cultural diversity comes up from the individual understanding. Swanson Frederick (2016) opined that as diversity can be considered as mix of people present in the organisation to create wide-ranging culture, the organisation carries out several practices that affect the diversity of the organisation. The diversity and inclusion goals are considered as the part of the organisational management and the performance objectives by a number of companies such as Telstra, General Mills, Nissan, Merck and many others. The cultural diversity helps the leaders of the organisation to support the flexible arrangement in the workplace. The leaders are able to provide the employees with a balance between the professional and the personal commitment such as flexible working hours, on boarding support af ter leave from the company etcetera. In order to achieve organisational changes, there is a requirement of effective leadership in the overall sense within the workplace. One of the major attentions that is to be stressed on by the leaders is not only to cultivate and develop diverse talent in the organisation (Trax, Brunow Suedekum, 2015). Thus tackling the biasness and the discrimination is mandatory for the leaders. Inclusive leadership promotion suggests that an individual fails to give privilege to a few number of cultural groups over other due to the assumptions of the individuals regarding the leadership of the company. According to Syed et al., (2016), searching for the talents is the first step to bring diversity in the workforce. In many organisations such as General Mills, during and after the process of staff recruitment the leaders track the metrics of the cultural diversity. It has been inferred that there is a positive correlation between the leadership behaviour and the organisational culture. Simon La Cava (2014) added to the above statement by stating that organisational culture is positively correlated to the job satisfaction of the employees working in the organisation. In an organisation there are individuals who have different backgrounds, socioeconomic background and ethnicities. This differentiation causes the organisation to face a number of challenges. The incorporation of good and effective leadership helps to achieve enhanced productivity, morale of the employee and understanding in the diverse environment of the organisation (Wood Wilberger, 2015). The leaders of the organisation are capable of implementing the appreciation of diversity in the workplace. A supportive environment is achieved that helps the employees to feel that the managers and the leaders are always approachable in case of emergencies and events. Thus, the impact of the leaders on the cultural diversity of the organisation is positive as the employees are given the opportunity to share their ethnic cultural background, personal customs, and awareness with the co-workers and the management of the organisation. Considering the example of Westpac, it has been reported to be important for the company to create inclusive culture within the organisation so that innovation and bright ideas can be achieved in the organisation. The leadership program of the Westpac has been an important part that helped in shaping the cultural diversity of the organisation. The program helps to develop the skills of the leaders such as increasing their flexibility in thinking and working style, make better decision, enhance the planning ability etcetera. The Employee Action Groups (EAGs) of Westpac is an effective way to increase the involvement of the employees of the organisation in the diversity and inclusion. The company has two different EAGs that highlights the cultural diversity of the organisation that are Brothers Sisters (Indigenous Australians) and Asian Leadership. The aim of the EAGs is not only to promote and celebrate culture but also create opportunities for development for all the members of the company that helps to support the business. Therefore, the company is able to work with communities that have a diverse culture. According to Markus (2015), the leadership of the organisation influences the cultural diversity to a great extent. Diversity and inclusion helps to bring in different talents in the workplace that works together to achieve a common goal that uses various skills. The skills of the individuals boost up the loyalty of the employees that further enhances the employee retention and productivity. Moreover, the leaders receive many more solutions since there are a number of diverse minds working together in an organisation. The individuals in the organisation are able to bring variation in their thinking, operating, decision-making and problem solving activities of the company. A competitive edge is also provided to the company as the leaders are able to attract and retain talents (Hoch Kozlowski, 2014). The communication skills of the employees and the leaders are increased and a synergy is built in the team that further invites new attitudes and profit in the organisation. In addition t o that the market share of the organisation is increased and a satisfied diverse base for the customers is created. As stated by Glickman, Gordon Ross-Gordon (2012), the topic of cultural diversity its relationship with leadership remains a debatable issue in Australia. Administrators focus to build clear and transparent goals that not only increase performance of their brand, but also promote a sense of cultural diversity. A well-developed set of work methods and motives of the company, results in an increase in trust factors. Further, in order to maximise leadership qualities, supervisors take an active part in organising schemes and engagement programs to let the employees maintain a free and honest bond with the management. In addition to involving in ground level surveys, leaders emphasize the need for welfare activities and deal workers the way they want (Williams, 2013). A sense of responsibility and respect among the employees enable a flourish and advancement in of cultural diversity. Apart from highlighting a continuous evolvement of the taskforce as a whole, accepting feedbacks and wor king towards building up new strategies also contribute towards enhancing the diversification and leadership process. Conclusion Analysing the several aspects it can be inferred that in the modern business world there exist a broad range of cultural diversity. It can also be understood that with a proper organisation and management by company leaders, the diversification in workplace can be fruitful. Further reviewing the cases of several enterprises, the theory can be understood in a better and sophisticated manner. In order to maximise capabilities, leaders seek to gain knowledge and implement strategies with the organisational structure as well. Scrutinizing the different fields, it can be additionally concluded that there exists a proper relationship between leadership skills, cultural diversification and success in business. References Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J. (Eds.). (2013).Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Daft, R. L. (2014).The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. DuBrin, A. J. (2015).Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Elias, L. (2015). Extraordinary leadership in Australia and New Zealand: The five practices that generate great workplaces [Book Review].Training Development,42(6), 26. Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2012).The basic guide to supervision and instructional leadership. Pearson Higher Ed. Goethals, G., Allison, S., Kramer, R., Messick, D. (Eds.). (2014).Conceptions of leadership: Enduring ideas and emerging insights. Springer. Hoch, J. E., Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), 390. Kouzes, J. M., Posner, B. Z. (2014).Extraordinary Leadership in Australia and New Zealand: The Five Practices that Create Great Workplaces. John Wiley Sons. Markus, A. (2015). Cultural Diversity: The Australian Social Cohesion Surveys. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Simon, A., LaCava, G. (2014). Strategic thinking and leadership: Comparing business leaders and MBA students in Western Australia.Oxford Journal: An International Journal of Business Economics,1(1). Swanson, D. L., Frederick, W. C. (2016). Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, 222-240. Syed, R., Bandara, W., French, E., Stewart, G. (2016). The status of research on leadership in business process management: A call for action. Trax, M., Brunow, S., Suedekum, J. (2015). Cultural diversity and plant-level productivity.Regional Science and Urban Economics,53, 85-96. Williams, D. A. (2013).Strategic diversity leadership: Activating change and transformation in higher education. Stylus Publishing, LLC.. Wood, V. R., Wilberger, J. S. (2015). Globalization, Cultural Diversity and Organizational Commitment: Theoretical Underpinnings.World,6(2).

My Ideal Classroom Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"We want all immature people to hold a successful life. This means success in worthwhile activities and relationships which they have freely engaged in and which they pursue wholeheartedly. † ( White. 2007: 26 ) I entirely agree with Professor John White and believe that the chief intent of the educational system should be to advance and help in the development of all-around persons who are capable of encompassing the challenges of life in a modern society. In the past decennary the universe has experienced. what Drucker calls a â€Å"transformation† . The passage from the Industrial Age to the Knowledge Age requires one to take a fresh expression at the really intent of instruction. ( Trilling and Hood 2001: 9 ) . In position of this transmutation. I will get down this paper by looking at the deductions on the Education System of the alleged Knowledge Age and the demand to redefine the indispensable intent. range and procedure of instruction to accommodate the dem ands of the future coevalss. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ideal Classroom Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After set uping the demand for educational reform. I will show to you my position of. â€Å"The Ideal School† . I will look into the nucleus values of my ideal school. the course of study aims. content and organisation and the instruction teaching method that will enable my ideal school to carry through its aims. Based on the dogmas of. â€Å"My Ideal School† . this paper will than look into what will efficaciously interpret as. â€Å"My Ideal Classroom† . I will concentrate on a foundation phase schoolroom as the premiss for my paper. This subdivision will place the design of the schoolroom. the schoolroom environment and instruction pattern. Last. this paper will foreground the importance of developing plans for continual betterment in instruction and schoolroom pattern. Overall. this paper attempts to pull a image of â€Å"My Ideal schoolroom in my ideal school† based on professor John White’s stating that. â€Å"One purpose of instruction is to unlock many doors. to introduce immature people with constituents of a booming life and to promote contemplation on them. the grade of value they contain. and to prioritise among them† ( White 2007:39 ) . Globalization A ; the IT Invasion – Are we ready?â€Å"The challenges that our cognition Age brings to larning and instruction are great. but the promise of a new Renaissance of larning and cognition in our society is even greater† ( Trilling and Hood. 2001:28 ) . The first measure in educational reform is to acknowledge current and future tendencies brought upon by globalisation and the cognition revolution and its deductions on universe economic systems. the environment. communicating. engineering. wellness and eventually instruction. Having entered the Knowledge Age. our response to each of these ends shifts dramatically. disputing our full instruction endeavor ( Trilling and Hood. 2001:9 ) . â€Å"Redundancy and volume of information. the outgrowth of new engineerings in media ; new signifiers of individuality. both our ain and those of the people that we teach. inter-act with and work with mundane ; volatile economic environments and work topographic points that require we be fancy on our pess and juggling cognition and information ; competitory environments that are paradoxically extremely competitory but besides necessitating that we work together in squads and collaboratively† . ( Luke. 2012 ) I agree with the above statement made by Allan Luke. In visible radiation of the current scenario confronting our society we need to take a fresh expression at the intent of instruction. the topographic point of schools in modern society and to plan a new course of study to accommodate the demands of the Knowledge Age. As information and communicating engineerings become portion of our day-to-day lives we must larn to get by with its benefits and its possible dangers such as habit-forming in writing force and titillation. feelings of societal isolation and even depression from over-immersion in electronic media infinite. etc. ( Trilling and Hood. 2001: 10 ) . In the past decennary. many schools have included ICT as one of the nucleus topics. However. successful ICT work requires careful thought as portion of a whole school scheme combined with specific. structured schoolroom readying. It is paramount that the school teaches its students accomplishments referred to by Trilling and Hoo d as the Knowledge Age Survival Skills. These accomplishments include communicating. traverse cultural apprehension. creativeness. critical thought. coaction. computer science and calling and larning autonomy. This has of import deductions on schoolroom pattern. teaching method and the content being taught. Where larning through facts. drill and pattern. and regulations and processs was so adaptative in the Industrial Age. now larning through undertakings and jobs. enquiry and design. find and innovation is more fitting for the times. ( Trilling and Hood. 2001: 16 ) My Ideal School The English School course of study purposes at assisting every immature individual to populate a fulfilling life and to assist others to make so. ( White. 2007:32 ) However. how efficaciously it achieves this purpose is extremely problematic. In world. schools are widely seen as spheres of competition for success in public scrutinies and entree to well-paid occupations ( White. 2007: 32 ) . In order to set up a model of my ideal school I believe. we must get down by specifying what is basically the intent of instruction in today’s universe. Core Valuess of My Ideal School A positive school ethos can significantly impact on the well-being of its students and staff. In order to construct a value system it is of import to set up a strong sense of community within the school and an ambiance that encourages citizenship. ( The Highland Student Council. 2010: 2 ) . After all it is through instruction within a community that kids would go members of a moral universe. ( Hirst and White. 1998: 68 ) . As the first measure in developing a course of study. which would enable the school to accomplish its purposes we must foremost find the nucleus values the school is meaning to instill in its students. Rational Planning for educational course of study begins with consideration of those qualities in head that are required for a all-around complete instruction. ( Hamm. 1989:62 ) . I believe that my ideal school should develop its pupils to be planetary citizens and scholars who strive to be: Inquirers. Thinkers. Communicators. Knowledgeable. Principled. Open-minded. Caring. Risk-takers. Balanced and Reflective ( IB learner Profile Booklet. 2009:5 ) . The Ideal Curriculum for My Ideal School Harmonizing to Marsh. â€Å"Curriculum is all planned acquisition for which the school is responsible† ( Marsh. 1997:7 ) . However. in A Life in Classrooms. Philip Jackson has identified the things that pupils learn that are non explicitly taught in the formal course of study. inexplicit messages about values. attitudes and norms of behavior that emerge through a school ethos itself ( Jackson. 1998 ) . He calls this unintended larning the ‘hidden curriculum’ . Harmonizing to Ivan Illich in his 1971 book Deschooling Society. there was a concealed course of study in western instruction that indoctrined students. smothered creativeness. induced conformance and encouraged credence of the ‘status quo’ ( Illich. 1971:1 ) . My ain school experience was really similar to the one described by Illich and therefore. I strongly believe that the course of study needs to be rectified. The cardinal constructs in planing the course of study are to find its intent. co ntent and organisation ( Marsh. 1997:7 ) . The Curriculum Aims John White of London’s Institute of Education says schools should be instilling cognition relevant to modern society such as the ability to populate healthily. to pull off money and to happen fulfilment ( Bloom. 2007: 2 ) . His course of study aims come under four headers that are as follows: personal fulfillment. societal and civic engagement. part to the economic system and practical wisdom. I entirely agree with Professor John White. Students should be taught the accomplishments they need to win in the hereafter. non merely in their callings but besides in their societal and household life. I believe that the school course of study is non self-contained but has its topographic point in the wider upbringing of the kid ( White. 2007: 31 ) . Last but non the least. schools should develop a love in pupils for womb-to-tomb acquisition. and the ability to go natural enquirers and minds. Persons who can reflect upon their ain strengths and restrictions and besides understand the i mportance of rational. physical and emotional balance to accomplish personal fulfillment for themselves. I would wish to reason by emphasizing that the course of study must provide for every facet of the pupils demands. non merely allow them a making. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //willfoxoneducation. blogspot. com )The Curriculum Contentâ€Å"Statements about what should be in the course of study represent what things powerful groups in a peculiar society think pupils should larn. and encapsulate value opinions about what kinds of cognition are considered of import and what attitudes pupils are expected to emerge with. It is assumed for illustration that what is most of import is the acquisition of topics and some topics are given precedence over others† ( Dr. Paechter. 1999:1 ) . I believe Dr. Paechter has taken a really negative position of forming the course of study content into a assortment of countries of survey or topics. In my sentiment. this allows a sound construction and organisation to the wide countries of cognition. For the intent of the Foundation Stage Classroom. Language A ; Literature and Mathematics A ; Logic should be considered the nucleus topics. Science and Social Studies should be taught as Unit of measurements of Inquiry. Language Other than English. Art. Drama. Music. IT and Health A ; PE should be considered foundation topics. The one topic I would wish to include in the current school course of study is Global Citizenship. Citizenship is a really of import topic because its gives kids a sense of the society in which they live. how it works and the portion they can play in. doing it better ( Anon. 2009 ) . The intent of this topic would be to develop pupils to go planetary citizens and to learn them about universe issues such as poorness. predicament of the underprivileged. environmental issues such as planetary heating. depletion of natural resources. democracy. political equality and a regard for diverseness. Most significantly it would learn pupils international mindedness and the importance of giving back to the community as a portion of life. The Child’s character must be shaped by offering the right types of experiences to make a concern for society and community ( Bloch A ; Kennedy. 2001 ) . My Ideal Teaching method Teaching method means the method of learning interpreted in the widest sense ( Winch A ; Gingell. 1999: 170 ) .Harmonizing to Freire the ‘banking’ construct of instruction where the instructor is the depositor and the range of action allowed to the pupils extends merely every bit far as having. filing and hive awaying the sedimentations must be rejected in its entireness ( Pollard. 2002: 365 ) . Harmonizing to Mike Bottery there are four educational doctrines ; Cultural transmittal. Child centered. Social Reconstruction and GNP codification ( Bottery. 1990: 6 – 16 ) . I believe that consideration of course of study building should be from the position of the kid ( Hamm. 1989:73 ) but at the same clip it should non wholly disregard the elements of the other educational doctrines. This is because cultural heritage demands to be retained ; the involvements and capablenesss of the kid demand to be taken into history. the school must originate the student into rationa l unfavorable judgment for the betterment of society as a whole and students must be given an instruction. which enables them to derive a occupation once they leave school ( Bottery. 1990: 6-16 ) . My ideal Pedagogy is built on an old thought expressed by a Chinese philosopher who more than 2000 old ages ago said:â€Å"Tell me and I forget. Show me and I remember. Let me make and I understand† ( Abbott A ; Ryan. 2001: 9 ) .My Ideal teaching method is based on the undermentioned dogmas:The Teacher as a Guide – The Role of the Teacher is to move as a facilitator. The instructor is to contrive state of affairss or to present stuffs. which are so structured. that appropriate experiences must be provided for the kids ( Hirst A ; White. 1998: 202 ) . Learning through Inquiry – The course of study is implemented through a rich agenda of find. presentations. undertakings. presentations. treatments. field trips and experiments ( Trilling A ; Hood. 2001: 22 ) . Child as an agent of his ain acquisition – The Child is seen as active. involved and responsible for his acquisition and behaviour ( Pollard. 2002:143 ) . Promote success and surrogate intrinsic moti ve – a whole school focal point on acknowledging and observing positive behaviours whether it is an academic accomplishment. an athletic victory or an act of kindness. A Parental Involvement plan – This is really of import because after all parents are a child’s foremost and main pedagogues ( White. 1997: 101 ) . A Global Community Concern Program – This plan would supply chances for students to acquire involved with community work. This could affect junior school pupils running an Eco Committee. under the counsel of a instructor. etc. School responsible for development of the student as a whole individual – The school has appropriate support constructions in topographic point to supervise the personal. societal and emotional facets of larning in the signifier of pupil counsellors. group activities. â€Å"Theme of the Month† . for illustration Say No To Bullying. etc. Social. emotional and behavioural accomplishments underlie about every facet of school and are cardinal to school betterment ( DFES. 2005 ) . Learning is Fun and Lifelong – Learning through drama. narrative stating. role-playing. games. and ac tivities. Play is critical to a child’s acquisition and hence critical to school ( Pollard. A. 2002: 143 ) . My Ideal ClassroomThe schoolroom represents ‘home’ for five or more hours of each weekday during term times for kids and instructors likewise ( Moyles et. Al. 2003: 173 ) . The schoolroom environment is an built-in portion of the acquisition procedure and no instructor or pupil can be unaffected by it ( Marsh. 1997: 125 ) . Harmonizing to Moyles. the critical elements that affect a schoolroom environment are the physical environment both indoors and out-of-doorss. the construction ; which includes the category modus operandis. resource direction. behaviour and the communicating of the rights. duties and regulations. â€Å"Classrooms are non inactive environments in which instruction and larning happens to take place- they should be designed to advance and heighten larning. They should actuate and excite. and they should be planned to do the most efficient usage of the most of import resource – viz. the teacher† . ( Pollard. A. 2002:196 ) The Class LayoutMultimodal Semiotic Analysis. an attack developed by Professor Gunther Kress. can be used as a agency of understanding the instruction and acquisition procedures in any schoolroom. ( Kress et al. 2005 ) . Harmonizing to this attack the factors that contribute to the overall effectivity of the schoolroom include schoolroom layout. teacher motion. ocular shows. address. regard and gesture. voice quality and besides student’s position and motion ( Kress et al ; 2005. 21 ) . However. even though Kress et Al ; show in their book â€Å" English in Urban Classrooms† . two illustrations multi-modally described. there is no information or grounds in finding which manner is better or contributing to classroom acquisition. This brings us to the inquiry. â€Å"Is there one best expression? † The first measure in planing the ideal schoolroom is to make up ones mind upon a category layout that is contributing to larning. My ideal schoolroom would let the instru ctors the flexibleness to set up the desks based on the types of activities taking topographic point. Collaborative group work requires tabular arraies to be organized in such a manner that cooperation and interaction between kids can take topographic point ( Moyles. J. 1995: 35-40 ) . Each desk will sit a group of three to four students and each desk will hold colour pencils and stationary to let pupils to finish their work. There would be a reading country for the students to be able to pick up a book of their pick and read after they have finished an activity every bit good as an IT station. A rug country is necessary to convey the whole category together for carry oning circle clip. units of enquiry. or treatment of category events or subject subjects and the sharing of thoughts. Routines should be established and clearly communicated. Each student should cognize where to travel. what to make and where everything belongs. â€Å"A quality schoolroom is one where there is a topographic point for everything and everything is chiefly in its place† ( Moyles et. Al. 2003: 176 ) . Each student will hold his ain tray to maintain his work and students will be given duty to maintain the schoolroom clean and organised. Train and Trust the Children ( Moyles. J. 1995:35-40 ) . Each category should hold easy entree to H2O and lavatories. which at this age can do students dying and uncomfortable. Classroom Displays has three distinguishable utilizations: it can observe. stimulate and inform ( Pollard. A 2002: 198 ) . Wall shows can be used to expose pupils work which would be a beginning of pride for the students and to present the unit of enquiry and besides give a clear description of the day-to-day category modus operandi. clip table. regulations and duties. And last but non the least as portion of their day-to-day school everyday Foundation Stage students should hold entree to an out-of-door drama country or a garden to interrupt the humdrum of the schoolroom and to let for free drama. Pupil Grouping As the grounds sing the impact of the assorted student grouping schemes on attainment and acquisition remains inconclusive ( Kutnick et al. . 2006: 7 ) . I believe it is safe to presume that the chief motive behind make up ones minding on an effectual student grouping scheme is to make a stimulating and safe acquisition environment. My preferable attack is however based on the premiss that there is â€Å"no best way† . and that. â€Å"one manner does non suit all† . I believe that students in Foundation Stage should be organized in assorted ability schoolrooms. This enables that all pupils learn from each other and enhances inclusivity. Teachers can use within-class grouping by forming students on tabular arraies of four based on the undertaking or undertaking. This attack to grouping should be flexible and should take into history non merely the pupil’s ability but besides their personality and societal interaction. The groups should be restructured as the unit of enquiry or subject alterations to let for enhanced equal interaction and societal development. Bettering Classroom Practice Continuing professional development is critical for personal fulfilment and for developing the quality of educational proviso ( Pollard. A. 2002: 346 ) . In order. to continuously strive to better schoolroom pattern the educational system must be flexible to the altering demands of society. School Management must actively work on and implement a instructor development plan to back up professional enrichment. This can be done in a assortment of ways ; by set uping a civilization of coaction in school so the instructors can larn as they take portion in the ‘community of practitioners’ within the school state of affairs ( Pollard. A. 2002: 354 ) . Another manner of bettering schoolroom pattern is through coaction with a spouse school someplace else in the universe affecting a teacher exchange plan. As seen in the assorted pictures on Teachers Television there is a batch we can larn from seeing how educators/teachers in different states approach learning and larning. Last. p rofessional development can be achieved through preparation workshops and through carry oning in category observation. â€Å"Observation is a cardinal portion of preparation for early old ages practicians. It is cardinal to the procedure of appraisal. rating. contemplation on pattern and action research† ( Hargreaves A ; Wolfe. 2007: 209 ) . DecisionHarmonizing to Trilling and Hood there are four traditional purposes of instruction in our society. Education empowers persons to lend to society. carry through their personal endowments. carry through their civic duties and carry tradition frontward. ( Trilling and Hood. 2001:9 ) . I believe my ideal school should take to develop asking. knowing and caring immature people who help to make a better and more peaceable universe though intercultural apprehension and regard and who strive to go active. compassionate and womb-to-tomb scholars. In order to accomplish this. careful consideration must be given to the building of the course of study purposes and content. learning teaching method and the schoolroom environment. Though for the intent of this paper I have attempted to pull a image of â€Å"My ideal schoolroom in my ideal school† . I am to the full cognizant that there is no best or ideal manner. Still we must exhaustively analyze the demands of a altering society. the influence of globalization and the cognition age and reflect upon how to accommodate the instruction system to run into the demands of the hereafter in a more effectual mode. â€Å"Knowledge emerges merely through innovation and reinvention. through the restless. impatient. go oning. hopeful inquiry human existences pursue in the universe. with the universe and with each other† . ( Pollard. 2002:365 ) . Mentions Anon ( 2009 ) Private CommunicationAbbott. J. and Ryan. T. ( 2001 ) The Unfinished Revolution: Learning. Human Behavior. Community. and Political Paradox [ online ] . Alexandria. VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=10120212 [ Accesses 3 June 2011 ] . BBC ( undated ) World Class [ online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/worldclass/getstarted/ [ Accessed 7 February 2011 ] . Barnard. R. C. G. ( 1998 ) Classroom observation: some ethical deductions. Modern English Teacher 7 ( 4 ) : 49-55. Available at:hypertext transfer protocol: //hdl. grip. net/10289/871 [ Accessed 17 June 2011 ] . Barrow. R. and Woods. R. ( 1998 ) An Introduction to Philosophy of Education ( 3rd erectile dysfunction ) . [ Online ] . London: Routledge. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=5003537 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Bloch. M. . Kennedy. D. . Lightfoot. T. and Weyenberg. D. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 2006 ) Child in the World/ The universe in the Child: Education and the constellation of a Universal. Modern. and Globalized Childhood [ online ] . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=10167469 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Bloom. A. ( 2007 ) A Curriculum out of Time [ an interview with John White ] . Times Educational Supplemment. 23 February [ online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Tes. co. uk/article. aspx? storycode=2348252 [ Accessed 15 June 2011 ] . Bottery. M. ( 1990 ) The Morality of the School. London: Cassell. DfES ( 2006 ) Pupil Grouping Strategies and patterns at Key Stage 2 and 3: Case Studies of 24 Schools in England. Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www. criterions. dfes. gov. uk [ Accesses 7 February 2011 ] . Fisher. T. ( 2006 ) Educational Transformation: Is it. like ‘Beauty’ . in th e Eye of the Beholder. or Will We cognize It When We See It? In: Education and Information Technologies. 11 ( 3-4 ) : 293-303. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. springerlink. com/content/7410318w4w463h27/ [ Accessed 18 February 2011 ] . Gatto. J. T. ( 2005 ) Dumbing us Down: the Hidden Curriculum of Compulsary Schooling ( 2nd erectile dysfunction ) [ on-line ] . Gabriola Island. BC. Canada: New Society Publishers. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=10096145 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Hamm. C. M. ( 1989 ) Philosophical Issues in Education: an Introduction [ online ] . London: RoutledgeFarmer. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. myilibrary. com/ ? id=5538 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Hargreaves. L. and Wolfe. S. ( 2007 ) Detecting Closely To See More Clearly: Observation in the Primary Classroom. In: Moyles. J. ( ed ) Get downing Teaching. Get downing Learning in Primary Education ( 3rd erectile dysfunction ) [ on -line ] . Hymen: Open University Press. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. myilibrary. com/ ? id=118175 [ Accessed 10 June 2011 ] . Hartley. L. ( 2011 ) Classroom Displays Blog [ online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //usefulwiki. com/displays/ [ Accessed 7 February 2011 ] . Hirst. P. H. and White. P. ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1998 ) Doctrine of Education. Major Themes in the Analytic Tradition. Volume IV: Problems of Educational Content and Practices [ online ] . London: Routledge. Available at:hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=5004881 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . IB Learner Profile Booklet ( 2009 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Igbo. org Illich. I. ( 1971 ) Deschooling Society [ online ] . New York: harpist A ; Row. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //preservenet. com/theory/Illich/Deschooling/intro. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Jackson. P. ( 1968 ) A Life in C lassrooms. New York: Holt. Rinehart A ; Winston. Kress. G. . Jewitt. C. . Bourne. J. . Franks. A. . Hardcastle. J. . Jones. K. and Reid. E. ( 2005 ) English in Urban Classrooms: A Multimodal Perspective on Teaching and Learning [ online ] . Abingdon: RoutledgeFalmer. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. myilibrary. com/ ? id=6400 [ Accesses 3 June 2011 ] Kutnick. P. . Hodgkinson. S. . Sebba. J. . Humphreys. S. . Galton. M. . Steward. S. . Blatchford. P. . and Baines. E. ( 2006 ) Excellence and Enjoyment: Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning. London: DfES. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //nationalstrategies. criterions. dcsf. gov. uk/node/65879 [ Accessed 7 February 2011 ] . Luke. A. ( 2012 ) Globalisation. New Learning A ; the Need for Educational Reform. Available at: World Wide Web. national precedences. org. uk. Marsh. C. J. ( 1997 ) Perspectives: Cardinal Concepts for Understanding Curriculum 1. London: Falmer Press. Moyles. J. ( 2007 ) Geting it S orted! Forming the Classroom Environment. In: Moyles. J. ( ed ) Get downing Teaching. Get downing Learning in Primary Education ( 3rd erectile dysfunction ) [ on-line ] . Hymen: Open University Press. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. myilibrary. com/ ? id=118175 [ accessed 10 June 2011 ] . Paechter. C. ( 1999 ) Issues in the Study of Curriculum in the Context of Lifelong Learning. Pollard. A. ( erectile dysfunction ) ( 2002 ) Readings for Reflective Teaching. London: Continuum. Pring. R. ( 2004 ) Doctrine Of Education: Aims. Theory. Common Sense and Research. London: Continuum. Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //site. ebrary. com/lib/uon/Doc? id=10224933 [ Accessed 3 June 2011 ] . Teachers TV ( 2006a ) Wider Horizons – Four Go to Kenya . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. instructors. tv/videos/wider-horizons-four-go-to-kenya [ Accessed 3 February 2011 ] . [ Teachers TV picture now available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //schoolsworld. tv/videos/ ] . Teachers Television ( 2006b ) Sweden – early old ages . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. instructors. tv/videos/sweden-early-years [ Accessed 3 February 2011 ] . [ Teachers TV picture now available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //schoolsworld. tv/videos/ ] . Teachers Television ( 2006c ) Hungary – Primary Maths . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. instructors. tv/videos/hungary-primary-maths [ Accessed 3 February2011 ] . [ Teachers Television pictures now available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //schoolsworld. tv/videos/ ] . Teachers Television ( 2006d ) Germany – Vocational Education . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. instructors. tv/videos/germany-vocational-education { Accessed 3 February 2011 ] . [ Teachers TV picture now available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //schoolsworld. tv/videos/ ] . Teachers Television ( 2006e ) Cuba – Performing Humanistic disciplines . Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. instructors. tv/videos/cuba-performing-arts [ Accessed 3 February 2011 ] . [ Teachers TV picture now available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //schoolsworld. tv/videos/ ] . Teachers Television ( 2006f ) China – Sport and PE . 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Visa J-1 para estudiar la especialidad médica en USA

Visa J-1 para estudiar la especialidad mà ©dica en USA La visa J-1 permite a los mà ©dicos extranjeros graduados en facultades de medicina fuera de Canad y de Estados Unidos estudiar sus residencias o especializaciones en este à ºltimo paà ­s.   Asimismo, esta visa permite a los mà ©dicos de otros paà ­ses ingresar a Estados Unidos para realizar investigacià ³n avanzada en el mbito de la medicina. Es decir, permite adquirir conocimientos clà ­nicos y no clà ­nicos y esta diferenciacià ³n es muy importante como se ver ms adelante en relacià ³n a la regla de los dos aà ±os. Este artà ­culo explica los requisitos fundamentales para participar en este programa de visa J-1 para alien physician. Por ejemplo, quià ©n puede ser patrocinador,   requisitos de certificacià ³n y para solicitar la visa, cambios de especializacià ³n, cà ³mo llevar a la familia y, por à ºltimo, la famosa regla de los dos aà ±os y cundo no aplica o es posible pedir una excepcià ³n. Finalmente, no confundir con el programa distinto de trainee o prcticas  con visa J-1, en el que tambià ©n pueden participar mà ©dicos, ya que las reglas son distintas. Patrocinador de mà ©dicos para la visa J-1 para especialidad o residencia La Comisià ³n Educativa para Graduados Mà ©dicos Extranjeros (ECFMG, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) es el à ºnico patrocinador reconocido por el gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Y es que de entre todas las visas no inmigrante con las que es posible viajar a Estados Unidos, las J-1 de intercambio tienen, entre sus requisitos, la necesidad de contar con un patrocinador, tambià ©n conocido como esponsorizador, que tiene que estar reconocido oficialmente.   Certificacià ³n de los estudios realizados por los mà ©dicos extranjeros Antes de solicitar la visa, la ECFMG tiene que certificar que el mà ©dico extranjero interesado en una visa J-1 est preparado para participar en un programa de especializacià ³n o investigacià ³n en Estados Unidos. El proceso de certificacià ³n es largo y complejo. Entre los requisitos, ser necesario demostrar los conocimientos mà ©dicos y tambià ©n un alto nivel de inglà ©s, tanto oral como escrito, que se mide mediante los resultados obtenidos en un examen conocido como TOEFL. Tambià ©n es imprescindible aprobar una de las siguientes pruebas: Partes I y II del National Board of Medical Examiners Examinationel Foreign Medical Graduate Examination, Step I y Step IIo el Visa Qualifying Examination (VQE) Todas esas pruebas son gestionadas por ECFMG. Requisitos para solicitar la visa J-1 para mà ©dicos subcategorà ­a alien physician Una vez obtenidos el certificado de la ECFMG y otros requisitos, esta organizacià ³n emite un documento conocido como DS-2919.   Tambià ©n es necesario una declaracià ³n por escrito del gobierno del paà ­s en el que reside el mà ©dico extranjero en el que se afirma que hay una necesidad en dicho paà ­s de doctores especializados en la rama que la que se va a buscar la especializacià ³n. Asimismo, se necesita un contrato u oferta de la institucià ³n en la que se ha sido admitido para realizar la especializacià ³n. Los candidatos extranjeros y los ciudadanos estadounidenses que estudiaron Medicina fuera de EEUU son considerados IMGs. Sus oportunidades durante el proceso que se conoce como Match para ligar candidato con institucià ³n acadà ©mica/hospital son generalmente no tan buenas como las de los graduados en facultades de Estados Unidos, por lo que se recomienda venderse agresivamente con los directores de los programas que interesan para levantar cualquier sospecha que pueda recaer sobre la calidad de sus estudios previos. Una vez que se tienen todos los pasos previos completados, ya se puede solicitar la visa J-1, lo cual se hace en là ­nea completando el formulario DS-160. El tiempo de tramitacià ³n depende del consulado o embajada y tambià ©n de las circunstancias personales del solicitante. Como parte de la tramitacià ³n es necesario pagar la cuota, que no se recupera si la visa no es aprobada. Tambià ©n se pasa por una entrevista en el consulado o embajada y en algà ºn momento del proceso, que varà ­a segà ºn la ubicacià ³n, se tomarn las huellas digitales del solicitante y una foto. Como en todo tipo de visas no inmigrante, las razones por las que puede haber un rechazo de la negacià ³n son muchas, distinguià ©ndose causas que convierten a una persona en inelegible y aquellas que lo convierten en inadmisible.   Si bien en la mayorà ­a de los casos el problema puede surgir porque el candidato no demuestra suficientemente que su intencià ³n no es quedarse en Estados Unidos. Es muy importante poder probar que se va a regresar al paà ­s de origen. Aunque no hay reglas expresas sobre quà © documentos utilizar, es de gran ayuda seguir las reglas generales que se utilizan para este fin cuando se solicita una visa de turista. Visas para familiares para mà ©dicos realizando la residencia en Estados Unidos El cà ³nyuge del solicitante de la visa J-1 y sus hijos solteros que son menores de 21 aà ±os pueden acompaà ±ar al mà ©dico a Estados Unidos. Su visa es una J-2, de dependiente. Para poder solicitarla es necesario solicitar a ECFMG que extienda el patrocinio a estos familiares. Trabajar en Estados Unidos   La finalidad del mà ©dico es especializarse. Para ello obviamente debe realizar prcticas en su campo, por las que ser compensado econà ³micamente. Sin embargo, lo que no puede hacer y est estrictamente prohibido es trabajar fuera del programa. Hacer tal cosa es una violacià ³n migratoria que puede provocar la cancelacià ³n de la visa. Cambios de especialidad mà ©dica Si el mà ©dico con una visa J-1 inicia una especializacià ³n y cambia de parecer y decide que prefiera otra, puede tramitar un cambio de la misma siempre y cuando todavà ­a no tenga completado el segundo aà ±o de la especializacià ³n.   Una vez iniciado el tercer aà ±o ya no es posible ese tipo de cambios. La regla de los dos aà ±os de permanencia fuera de EEUU En principio, los mà ©dicos que participan en un programa J-1 dentro de la categorà ­a de alien physician deben salir de Estados Unidos por dos aà ±os y residir en otro paà ­s durante ese tiempo. Esto NO quiere decir que no puedan viajar a USA   como turistas, quiere decir que no pueden obtener una visa de trabajo de la familia H o de la L o una green card. Esto afecta incluso a las personas casadas de buena fe con un ciudadano americano. En principio, les aplica esa regla. Pero hay excepciones. Por ejemplo, no aplica a los mà ©dicos cuya labor en los Estados Unidos fuera de investigacià ³n, observacià ³n o enseà ±anza y no tuvieran un contacto directo con pacientes. Adems, es posible pedir un permiso conocido como waiver para que no aplica esa regla. Requisitos para la waiver de los dos aà ±os Son 4 las posibilidades para pedir la waiver a la regla de residir dos aà ±os fuera de Estados Unidos al finalizar este programa: Que el Departamento de Salud de uno de los estados solicite una waiver a nombre de un mà ©dico determinado. Hay un mximo de 30 por estado por aà ±o fiscal. Es lo que se conoce como el programa Conrad 30 waiver.Que una agencia del gobierno solicite la waiver.Que se dà © la circunstancia de que si el mà ©dico retornase a su paà ­s de origen que pudiera ser perseguido por razà ³n de su raza, religià ³n u opiniones polà ­ticas.Que estuviera casado con una persona ciudadana americana o residente permanente legal o que tuviera hijos con esos estatus y si el mà ©dico o la doctora tuviera que salir de Estados Unidos se producirà ­a una situacià ³n de extrema dureza para el familiar ciudadano o residente. Opciones para trabajar en USA como mà ©dico al finalizar la especializacià ³n   Tras finalizar el programa y cumplir la regla de los dos aà ±os, si se est obligado a cumplirla, -recordar que los mà ©dicos no clà ­nicos no estn sujetos a ella-, se puede obtener una visa de inmigrante (green card) o una de trabajo. Los mà ©dicos pueden visas L-1 de transfer o H-1B para profesionales. En cuanto a las green card, existen varios caminos para obtenerlos, incluidas las de por razà ³n de trabajo incluyendo la categorà ­a de extranjero de habilidad extraordinaria y la de residencia con waiver por razà ³n de interà ©s nacional. Tener en cuenta que en estos momentos est paralizada la opcià ³n que permità ­a a los doctores interesados en prestar servicio en el Ejà ©rcito a travà ©s del programa  Mavni, que abrà ­a las puertas a la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a de un modo inmediato. Finalmente, los mà ©dicos se encuentran entre los profesionales mejor pagados de Estados Unidos, si bien hay notable diferencia segà ºn la especialidad, aà ±os de prctica e, incluso, ubicacià ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Cryptococcus curvatus Essays

Cryptococcus curvatus Essays Cryptococcus curvatus Essay Cryptococcus curvatus Essay Introduction An buttery barm, Cryptococcus curvatus, once named as Apiotrichum curvatum and Candida curvata D, was found to be accumulated more than 60 % [ 1,2,4 ] of it dry weight in the signifier of intracellular lipoid when grown under extra C beginning with restricting growing of N. This accrued lipoid is formed as triglyceride in which the fatso acerb composing is similar to the works seed oil in specific for the chocolate butter equivalents ( CBE ) production. Cocoa butter is widely used in cocoa fabrication which obtained from the seeds of chocolate tree ( theobroma chocolate tree ) . This fat chiefly consist of its chief triacrylglycerol 1,3-disaturated-2-unsatuated triacrylglycerols with high sum of stearic acid ( 32-37 % , C 18:0 ) , palmitic acid ( 23-30 % , C16:0 ) and oleic acid ( 30-37 % , C18:1 ) . The monetary value of chocolate butter is really fluctuating and even exceeds $ 8000/ton in early 1980s. The high monetary value made this yeast oil becomes an attractive market. It was found that the fatty acid profile of Cryptococcus curvatus, it has low per centum of stearic acid C18:0 ( 12-15 % ) , and high per centum of oleic acid C18:1 ( 44-49 % ) . The undertaking of production of executable yeast oil as CBE is to increase the stearic acid content and guarantee the right distribution of fatty acerb profile of the ensuing triacylglycerol that warrant this yeast oil run into the rigorous demand of CBE in cocoa. In effort to successfully commercialize barm oils, the production has to accomplish feasibleness and profitableness. These factors in individual cell oil ( SCO ) production chiefly depend on whether the procedure can bring forth high valued lipoids and fatty acid with specific physical, chemical and nutritionary belongingss. [ 1-2 ] Meanwhile, the procedure cost in agitation is besides of import that determined by substrate and fermentor cost. Therefore, the lipid production rate and output should be every bit high as possible with the usage of the inexpensive C beginning like whey permeate in order to accomplish economic sciences executable. [ 1 ] Biochemistry Lipid accretion in Cryptococcus curvatus begins when foods ( normally nitrogen ) is exhausted with extra C beginning ( normally in the glucose signifier ) in the medium. Excess glucose is assimilated continuously and converted to triacylglycerols. Under the limited N supply, the cells can no longer proliferate and unable to turn and split. Lipid may roll up in the bing cells continuously, cells rich in lipoid. ( a ) ( B ) Fig3. ( a ) Cryptococcus curvatus, lipid droplet lend 70 % of its cell weight ( B ) Extracted oil from Cryptococcus curvatus in negatron micrograph with boundary beds within the oil droplets ( triacylglycerol ) . The first biological reaction after nitrogen exhaustion is the AMP deaminase activation: AMP a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ IMP + NH4+ The rapid lessening in AMP concentration accompany with the alteration in O2 ingestion and CO2 end product of the cells. This will decelerate down or even discontinue the activities of isocitrate ( NAD+ -dependent ) dehydrogenase ( ICDH ) within chondriosome. The enzymatic activity is greatly influenced by AMP concentration. However, this activity is independent on the non-oleaginous barm. Nitrogen exhaustion consequence in the addition of AMP deaminase and lessening of AMP concentration with effect of rapid bead in ICDH activity. Isocitrate is no longer metabolized efficaciously and so equilibrate with citrate though aconitase. Isocitrate i?i?i?z Aconitate i?i?i?z Citate Citrate is transported outside the chondriosome and cleaved by an enzyme Adenosine triphosphate: citrate lyase ( ACL ) in the cytol, which is absent in the non-oleaginous barm. Citrate + ATP + CoA a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi + oxalacetate The citrate cleaving enzyme, ACL is really important in fatty acerb synthesis. If cell absent from ACL like non-oleaginous micro-organisms, it is unable to roll up lipoid. Fig. Pathway of lipid accumlation in Cryptococcus curvatus The oxalacetate formed in above reaction converted into malate instantly by the enzyme, malate dehydrogenase. Malate + NADP+ a† Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ pryuvate + NADPH + CO2 Fatty acerb synthesis requires the uninterrupted supply of both acetyl-CoA and NADPH ( cut downing power ) . Acetyl-CoA are used to make the C edifice unit which the turning long fatty acyl concatenation is derived from acetyl-CoA. NADPH are used to cut down the turning long fatty acyl concatenation. Fatty acerb synthesis in Cryptococcus curvatus follows fatty acerb synthase ( FAS ) path. Elongase act on palmitic acid ( 16:0 ) to bring forth stear ( 18:0 ) . I-9 desaturase act as enzyme to catalyse the dual bond interpolation between C9 and C10 in fatty acid concatenation. Stearic acid ( 18:0 ) is converted to oleic acid ( C18:1 n-9 ) . Meanwhile, I-12 desaturase infix a dual bond between C12 and C13 in mono-unsaturated fatty acid concatenation. It facilitate the transition of oleic acid ( C18:1 n-9 ) to linoleic acid ( 18:2 n-6 ) . Production Agitation is utilized in the growing of micro-organisms and its biogenesis. Fermentater provides an effectual reactor to accomplish optimum conditions of micro-organisms by seting different parametric quantities. Within fermenter, there are few dimensions to optimise lipid production of Cryptococcus curvatus which are C: N ratio of substrate, civilization manners, the O demand in the civilization medium. Substrate used Many researches with Cryptococcus curvatus chiefly concentrate on using whey permeate in agitation of milk sugar. An attractive feature of this barm is it s able to turn on assortment of substrates. This implicated that many nutrient processing wastes apart from whey permeate can be used as substrates for lipid production. Other than assorted sugars as a C beginning, glycerin is besides an interested feedstock for lipoids production when biodiesel is produced with big commercial graduated table. [ 4 ] Influences on C to N ( C: N ) ratio There are two stage growing rhythm of Cryptococcus curvatus. The first phase is the growing stage where the cells grow up to the high cell denseness with low lipid accretion. The 2nd stage is the nitrogen exhaustion stage which the residuary C beginnings in medium are converted to the signifier of lipid, ensuing in the lipid accretion. When cells grow in the balanced civilization medium, with uninterrupted supply of N, lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus will be less effectual. Nitrogen facilitate the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein for cell growing and cell division. Oxygen demand The capableness of O transportation is the most of import consideration in aerophilic agitation. The fermenter should be ensured to reassign equal O with high rate into the civilization medium so that non to restrict the growing Cryptococcus curvatus. However, the rate should non be excessively high that cause inordinate energy ingestion. In batch agitation of Cryptococcus curvatus turning on whey permeate, the extremum of the O uptake rate ( OUR ) is 13 mmoles/L/h under N limited status. This is a turning point from the growing stage of Cryptococcus curvatus to lipid accretion stage. The OUR is so bit by bit decreased at N exhaustion which is low oxygen demand with non inordinate cell denseness in fermenter. Therefore, a simple concept fermenter like airlift or bubble column constellation could be utilized. Comparing to the industrial stirred reactor, airlift or bubble column can be erected and constructed on site easy. Fig.1 shows the airlift fermenter design of using pealing sparger. Ring sparger is used to pump air into bill of exchange tubing. The stock is circulated upward in bill of exchange tubing vertically and downward in outer ringed part. The circulation provides good blending features in agitation. Airlift bubble column was used in industrial procedure. It was found that the lipid production rate ( LPR ) in airlift fermenter of 0.5m3 pilot works and 8.2m3 mill was 0.12 g/L/h and 0.06g/L/h severally. Both LPR was much lower comparing to the moved armored combat vehicle reactor on research lab graduated table. Using stirred armored combat vehicle reactor in a fed batch procedure has proven efficient in the growing and lipid production of Cryptococcus curvatus [ Meesters, 1995 ] . However, it is hard to scale up moved armored combat vehicle reactor taking to alter blending features and lessening O transportation rate in larger armored combat vehicle. The optimum status achieved in Meesters, 1995 is hard to execute in big graduated table, ensuing in the slower growing and production rate. Furthermore, when the agitation procedure require high O transportation rates, stirred armored combat vehicle fermenters is non sufficient. Oxygen transportation, good commixture and stirring may go restricting factors of production rate in syrupy systems like high cell denseness agitations. New type of reactor, Surer reactor is used to scale up the agitation. It consists of an external pumped cringle and 2 inactive sociables. Surer reactor mixes the medium exhaustively with no dead country by its forced flow feature. Air bubbles are reduced to really little bubbles by inactive sociables, ensuing in high O transportation rate. Installing more inactive sociables can accomplish much high O transportation rate. Besides, the commixture features will non be affected by the reactor s breadth. Scale up of Cryptococcus curvatus cultivation in Surer reactor achieve LPR 0.42 g/l/h which is much higher than scale up procedure of airlift fermenter 0.06 g/l/h mentioned by [ Davies 1992 ] [ 7 ] Culture manners There are four different civilization manners in cultivation of Cryptococcus curvatus: batch agitation ; fed batch agitation, uninterrupted agitation ; partial recycling agitation. Assorted civilization manners performed otherwise in the lipid production rate. Ykema [ 1 ] found that lipid production rates are faster in uninterrupted civilizations than in batch civilizations. However, highest lipid production rate rates will be achieved in civilization manners that enable the cultivation at high cell densenesss like fed-batch procedure. It was found that the fed-batch agitation performed most effectual in general. The procedure is two phases experiment. During the first stage, there is no restriction on foods, this status facilitate biomass production. The 2nd stage performs in N restrictions which cause lipid accretion. The fatty acerb composing varied in this two stage. The comparative sum of stearic acid C18:0 is low in the first biomass production stage, while the sum of oleic acid C18:1 addition, linoleic acid lessening C18:2 in the 2nd lipid accretion stage. Partial recycling civilizations aloe uninterrupted operation and increased productiveness by extinguishing batch downtime. Though partial recycling cultivation can accomplish a hi ghest lipid production rate, it is merely suited for small-scale operation. [ 4 ] Fed-batch agitation performed most efficaciously see to the big lipid production rate and big graduated table pertinence. Therefore, high lipid production rate can be achieved by seting C/N ratio and choose the civilization modes that the barm cultivated at high cell denseness. [ 1 ] Fig. LPR in different cultivation manner In the 80-90s century, different attacks have been performed to optimise the oil production of barm with the fatty acerb composing comparable to cocoa butter. For this ground the procedure has to increase the sum of steric acid in barm lipoid. It was shown that the consequence of low Os uptake rate altered the fatty acid profile. The grade of impregnation in fatty acid profile was increased by take downing the O uptake rate. With the low O concentration, I-9 desaturase enzyme used to covert stearic acid to oleic acid, elongation enzyme used to change over palmitic to stearic acid, are affected. Hence, the sum of stearic increased. The other straggy used a mutation in which theI-9 desaturase for the transition of strearate to oleate ( see besides fig.1 ) was partly blocked so that stearate accumulated at the disbursal of oleate. This guaranting lipid so had the correct belongingss for its usage as a chocolate butter equivalent. [ 3 ] Familial attack can besides spread out the scope of oils formed in Cryptococcus curvatus. It requires the transmutation and look system for the barm consequence in modifying fatty acerb biogenesis in the barm. I-9 desaturase cistron will be cloned and so to be use as a selective marker for the I-9 desaturase mutation of Cryptococcus curvatus. [ 5,8 ] The barm, Cryptococcus curvatus are possible manufacturers of lipoids similar to vegetable oils and fats. Research on their applications as a dietetic addendum in nutrient or indispensable pharmacological constituents in medical specialty has non progressed to desirable bounds. Since barms are polyploidy in nature, similar to workss, they may be appropriately engeernied so as to synthesise fresh lipoids which may happen public-service corporation in bring forthing value added oils anf fat for usage in the nutrient and biomedical industries. Rerouting of the barm s metabolic tract for the synthesis of biochemically of import polyunsaturated fatty acids has non received much attending. [ 4 ] Future Development Mentions 1. Adrie Ykema, Elizabeth C. Verbree, Martin M. Kater and Henk Smit, Optimization of lipid production in the buttery barm Apiotrichum curvatum in wheypermeate, Applied and Microbiology Biotechnology ( 1988 ) 29:211-218 2. R. Julian Davies, Jane E. Holdsworth and Sarah L. Reader, The consequence of low Os uptake rate on the fatty acid profile of the buttery barm Apiotrichum curvatum, Applied and Microbiology Biotechnology ( 1990 ) 33: 569-573 3. Z. Jacob, Advances in applied microbiology Vol 39, 1993 p.185-208 4. Meesters PAEP, Huijberts GNM, Eggink G. High-cell-density cultivation of the lipid roll uping yeast Cryptococcus curvatus utilizing glycerin as a C beginning. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1996 ; 45:575-9. 5. PATRICIA A. E. P. MEESTERS AND GERRIT EGGINK Isolation and Characterization of a A-9 Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene from the Oleaginous Yeast Cryptococcus curvatus CBS 570, Agrotechnical Research Institute, VOL. 12: 723-730 ( 1996 ) 6. Mainul Hassan, Philippe J. Blanc, Louis-Marie Grangerf Alain Pareilleux A ; Gerard Goma, Influence of Nitrogen and Iron Limitations on Lipid Production by Cryptococcus curvatus Grown in Batch and Fed-batch Culture, Process Biochemistry Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 355-361, 1996 7. Patrica A.E.P. Meesters, Hetty van der Wal, Ruud Weusthuis and Gerrit Eggink, Cultivation of the buttery barm Cryptococcus curvatus in a new reactor with improved commixture and mass transportation characteristic, Biotechnology Techniques, Vol 10 No.4 ( April 1996 ) p.277-282 8. Colin Ratege and James P. Wynn, Advances in applied microbiology, Vol 51, 2002 p.1-46 9. C. Ratledge, Fatty acid biogenesis in micro-organisms being used for Single Cell Oil production, Biochimie 86 ( 2004 ) 807-815 10. Colin Ratledge, Peter Dawson, James Rattray, Biotechnology for the oils and fats industry, American Oil Chemists Society, c1984

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Case study - Essay Example That was the time when she realized that this bag can be popular product for people who loves innovative designing articles like cloths, umbrella, handbags, wallet, makeup bags, lamp shades etc. Clare, mother of Calypso also helped her with the business. Her first year turnover was ?180 000 and she became the London Business person of the year at the age of 22 (Burns, 2011). Calypso and her mother Clare chose to manufacture the bags from UK and use their house as the office. The reasons are: Working from home was advantageous cause their Calypso did not had to pay any rent for her office to anybody. Except that no extra electricity or internet bill there are flexible office time. She could able to work any time in a day and handle any matter whenever they arise without delay. And she got her mother’s help from home (Clippy London, 2013). She was worried that any big and established manufacturer in market can easily steal her idea or copy it so she had to make the sales fast an d regular, to do that she needed the supply unit and manufacturing unit to be close. If the supply unit is thousands of miles away somewhere in china and she had import everything from there it would took couple of valuable days. Instead of that if that if both the unit in UK the orders can be more quickly handled. And once the business start and run smoothly the payment terms for business chain will be regular and spontaneous and it will help the cash flow for her business. An online directory namely Kelly’s online directory (Kelly Search, n.d.) helped her to find out a manufacturer from UK (Smith, 2010). Calypso was a first timer in business field and she had no experience in that domain. Also her volume of business was not very big it was precisely 250 bags only. So for 250 bags going to foreign country to search supplier and renting a separate office would have been more fancy for her cause she was not sure the idea of transparent and graphics bag would hit in the market or not. Her initial customers were family, relatives, friends and those people who appreciated her idea earlier. The official launch of the product was on 2004 during Christmas Fair in Olympia’s Spirit (Stylist.co.uk, n.d.). These three were the main reason of choosing UK as the place of manufacturing for calypso for her fashionable see through bag with customised designs. During start ups and initial growth period manufacturing unit of Clippy was at UK, there were some advantages as well as some disadvantages also. Advantages can be: If supply and manufacturing unit are nearby then time cycle from order of raw materials –delivery of them –and making finished items and delivering them to market become fast and regular. Communication between various members in supply and delivery chain is become easy and effective. In that respective if we look at Clippy’s initial days (start up and initial growth) it was quite expectable for such an innovative product. It was an innovative product no such see through bags with pockets and photos of family and friends on it was available previously in any market. It was an experiment for her to launch it in small scale in UK market from where she also got couple of encouragements from various fashion lovers. So it was like a gamble for her. So it was better to choose her home market rather than foreign market for manufacturing (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, 2012). Calypso did not have any experience as a

Hemp economic impact and legalization Research Paper

Hemp economic impact and legalization - Research Paper Example Hemp is a relatively important crop and basing on its different uses it could replace a larger variety of environmental unfriendly crops to enhance economical productions. The forces behind the keeping of hemp illegalization are rather political not environmental in nature. The ability of this product and the byproducts of it are rather scary to many industries especially the petrochemical, liquor and tobacco industries. The fact is that the legalization of hemp would put money in the hands of the farmers and hence totally restructuring our national economy. An article published in 1937 titled â€Å"Hemp: The New Bilion-Dolar crop† named over twenty five thousand possible uses of the hemp plant. This is because it is; a type of Marijuana which cannot get one high could be the reason as to why its popularity still lags behind. Many efforts by different scholars and business people to prove the viability of the product to the economies of the world have been enhanced through var ious ideas. However, there exists some controls over the whole idea since it is described under drugs whose consumption needs control. Despite the fact that this product remained illegal did not deter it from becoming one of the most affecting in the economy of the States in a positive way. This remained so until its legalization through an announcement made by the U.S. Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. This came in form of a memorandum that specified that the federal government would not consider it a priority any longer to prosecute the users or traders of the product that broke federal law but complied with State laws concerning this product (Kayla 6). That was so and publicized on the October 19, 2009. This came, as a relief to the people that put the product to different uses inclusive is those that use it for medical purposes. This did not go well with everybody. Some people looked at it as a wrong shot to the U.S. since it was encouraging the breech of Federal laws especial ly those affecting the drug. This simply relates that hemp is a legal item on one hand and yet still illegal on the other. Its legalization has had both positive effects and negative effects to the economy based on the consumption and need that drives one to it. Recent developments show the highly developing and revolving relationship between hemp and humanity. This movement has seen the development of the modern industrial hemp industry that depicts by the presence of hemp clothing, paper, seed-oil products and building materials (Rowan, 2). These developments have had a positive impact to the economies of the world generally specifically in Santa Barbra. The industries surrounding the development of these products that evolve form hemp have had a positive impact on the economies since their development and hence developing trade in the regions from which they hail. A healthy hemp rally circuit gave entrepreneurs in this product the impetus to go deep in investing in this product. This backed by their literature distribution and wears that accompanied the rallies to ensure that they spread the word about their product all over (Rowan, 4).this further bolstered by the formation of the hemp council started in the Los Angeles in 1991. In 1992, a vast number of companies were already in place and hence the success of the plant. The success, quality and economic advantages of the product

Transition metals Essay Example for Free

Transition metals Essay Iron is a transition element. A transition element is an element that forms at least one ion with a partially file d orbital1. Transition metals have several different oxidation states, so can be oxidized and reduced. Oxidizing the Fe2+ will make it Fe3+, and it will lose an electron. Fe3+ e- + Fe3+ Reducing Fe3+ will bring it back to Fe2+, as it will gain an electron. Fe3+ + e- Fe2+ I have been given a solution containing between 1. 1g and 1. 3g of iron ions, a mixture of Fe2+ and Fe3+. To work out how much Iron(II) and Iron(III) is in the mixture, I will start with a titration. I will determine the amount of Fe2+ in the mixture originally by titrating with potassium permanganate, and therefore oxidising the Fe2+ to Fe3+. Potassium permanganate, KMnO4, is self indicating, so when the oxidation point is reached, it changes brown. Then I will reduce the Fe3+ back to Fe2+ with zinc powder and work out the amount of Fe2+ in the remaining mixture by titrating the new mixture against approximately 0. 1 molar potassium permanganate. Then Fe2+ mass in 2nd solution Fe2+ mass in 1st solution = Mass of Fe2+ originally in the solution. This experiment will only give me the Mass of Fe2+ in the solution, so the Fe3+ will need to be worked out by subtracting the Mass off the Fe2+ from the 200cm3 solution used at the beginning. Water solubility: moderate, produces solutions which are intensely coloured, even when quite dilute Specific gravity: 2. 70 Principal hazards This material is harmful if swallowed or inhaled. It is also harmful if absorbed through the skin. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent and may react very exothermically with organic materials. Safe handling Wear safety glasses and keep the solid or solution from contact with the skin.. Take care not to allow the solid to come into contact with flammable materials. Emergency Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with plenty of water. Continue for at least ten minutes and call for medical help. Skin contact: Wash off with plenty of water. Remove any contaminated clothing. If the skin appears damaged, call for medical aid. If swallowed: Call for immediate medical help. Disposal Small amounts of very dilute potassium permanganate solution can be flushed down a sink with a large quantity of water, unless local rules prohibit this. More concentrated solutions and waste solid should be retained for disposal by those in charge of the laboratory. Protective equipment Safety glasses. Protective gloves should not normally be necessary. If they are to be used, nitrile will provide some protection, but may degrade upon contact with solid or solution, so should be checked regularly and replaced if damage is apparent.

Alvin Ailey :: Biography Biographies

Alvin Ailey Alvin Ailey was born on January 5, 1931, in Rogers Texas. His family was a very religious family. He attended Sunday school and church at the Baptist Young Peoples Union. When he was in junior high school, his class went on a trip to the ballet, and that's what inspired him to dance. Seeing the ballet and having his dance teacher, Lester Horton, he was off to a good start. Watching and meeting dancers and actors like Martha Grahm, Doris Humphrey, Charles -Weidman, and Hanya Holm motivated him to pursue a career in dancing. Watching the actors helped him a lot because dancing is very similar to acting; you have to be in, and feel your character. After Lester Horton's death (Ailey's choreographer), Ailey became the director of Horton's dance studio, but in 1958, Ailey founded his own studio and named it, "The Alvin Ailey Dance Company." The purpose of this dance company is "to enrich American modern dance heritage and preserving the uniqueness of black cultural expression" (Willinger 1). The big break for Ailey's dance company was the dance Revalations. which people from all over loved. Since the start of the Dance Company "the Dance Theater has performed for and estimated 19,000,000 people in forty-eight countries and on six continents, earning the Company a reputation as one of the most popular international ambassadors of American Culture." ( Alvin Ailey Dance Company 7). Most African Americans and many races respected Ailey because he was "A leading figure in modern dance, whose dances reflected his black Southern Heritage and are set to jazz or gospel music." (The New Book of Knowledge 587). In Ailey's dance company, there was one dancer that Ailey admired. Her name was Judith Jamison. She provided the inspiration for Ailey to dance to a solo piece, named Cry. Cry was for Alieys mother; dedicated to" all Black women everywhere-mothers." (Alvin Ailey Dance Company 3). Alvin Ailey :: Biography Biographies Alvin Ailey Alvin Ailey was born on January 5, 1931, in Rogers Texas. His family was a very religious family. He attended Sunday school and church at the Baptist Young Peoples Union. When he was in junior high school, his class went on a trip to the ballet, and that's what inspired him to dance. Seeing the ballet and having his dance teacher, Lester Horton, he was off to a good start. Watching and meeting dancers and actors like Martha Grahm, Doris Humphrey, Charles -Weidman, and Hanya Holm motivated him to pursue a career in dancing. Watching the actors helped him a lot because dancing is very similar to acting; you have to be in, and feel your character. After Lester Horton's death (Ailey's choreographer), Ailey became the director of Horton's dance studio, but in 1958, Ailey founded his own studio and named it, "The Alvin Ailey Dance Company." The purpose of this dance company is "to enrich American modern dance heritage and preserving the uniqueness of black cultural expression" (Willinger 1). The big break for Ailey's dance company was the dance Revalations. which people from all over loved. Since the start of the Dance Company "the Dance Theater has performed for and estimated 19,000,000 people in forty-eight countries and on six continents, earning the Company a reputation as one of the most popular international ambassadors of American Culture." ( Alvin Ailey Dance Company 7). Most African Americans and many races respected Ailey because he was "A leading figure in modern dance, whose dances reflected his black Southern Heritage and are set to jazz or gospel music." (The New Book of Knowledge 587). In Ailey's dance company, there was one dancer that Ailey admired. Her name was Judith Jamison. She provided the inspiration for Ailey to dance to a solo piece, named Cry. Cry was for Alieys mother; dedicated to" all Black women everywhere-mothers." (Alvin Ailey Dance Company 3).